Birth weight and subsequent risk of childhood primary brain tumors: An updated meta‐analysis

Dahlhaus, Anne; Prengel, Peggy; Spector, Logan G.; Pieper, Dawid

doi:10.1002/pbc.26299

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our results remain in line with those of previous studies and serve to further corroborate the data. A high birth weight and excessive fetal growth are both associated with a higher IGF‐I, all known risk factors for childhood cancer, especially ALL . Birth weight may thus be considered a mediator for the biological impact of maternal diabetes on the risk of cancer in the offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Maternal diabetes and risk of childhood cancer in the offspring

Seppala

Vettenranta

Pitkäniemi

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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An association between maternal diabetes, its medication and childhood cancer has not been previously explored in a registrybased setting. With a case-control design, we aimed to explore whether maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer in the offspring. Combining data from population-based registries, we analyzed a total of 2,029 cases, that is, persons with childhood cancer diagnosed under the age of 20 years between years 1996-2014 and a total of 10,103 matched population controls. The mothers of the cases/controls and their diagnoses of diabetes (DM) before/during pregnancy as well as their insulin/metformin prescriptions during pregnancy were identified. Conditional logistic regression modeling was used to analyze the risk of childhood cancer. The OR for childhood cancer among those exposed to any maternal diabetes was 1.32 (95% CI 1.14-1.54) compared to the offspring of the nondiabetic mothers. The effect of maternal diabetes on the risk of childhood cancer remained elevated even after adjusting for maternal age, parity and smoking. Our data suggest that maternal diabetes medication may reduce the risk for childhood cancer (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.36-1.94), especially in gestational diabetes (adjusted OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.05-1.25), compared to the diabetic mothers without medication. The risk of childhood leukemia was significantly higher among children exposed to any maternal diabetes (OR 1.36, CI 1.04-1.77) compared to the unexposed. Maternal diabetes appears to be associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer in the offspring. The possible risk-reducing effect of an exposure to diabetes medication on offspring cancer risk warrants further investigation.Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Maternal diabetes and risk of childhood cancer in the offspring

Seppala

Vettenranta

Pitkäniemi

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Only few causes of childhood cancer are well-established, including genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome, [5] exposure to high dose ionizing radiation, [6] and high or low birth weight [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] . However, these specific causes only explain a small fraction of the cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution exposure at the residence and risk of childhood cancers in Denmark: A nationwide register-based case-control study

et al. 2020

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Background The etiology of childhood cancer is poorly understood. The role of environmental factors, including air pollution (AP) exposure, has been addressed previously, but results so far have been inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the association between long-term AP exposures in relation to childhood cancer subtypes in Denmark (1981–2013). Methods We conducted a nationwide register-based case-control study. We identified 7745 incident cases of childhood cancers (<20 years) in the Danish Cancer Registry. Four randomly selected (cancer-free) controls were matched to each case according to sex and date of birth. We modelled concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particles (PM 2·5 ), and black carbon (BC) at all addresses and calculated a time-weighted average from birth to index-date with a state-of-the-art multiscale AP modelling system. We analyzed the risk of childhood cancer in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic variables obtained from registers at the individual and neighborhood level. Findings The main analyses included 5045 cases and 18,179 controls. For all cancers combined, we observed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of 0·97 (0·94, 1·01) per 10 µg/m 3 NO 2 , 0·89 (0·82, 0·98) per 5 µg/m 3 PM 2·5 , and 0·94 (0·88, 1·01) per 1 µg/m 3 BC, respectively. Most notably, we observed a higher risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) with higher childhood AP exposure with ORs and 95% CIs of 1·21 (0·94, 1·55) per 10 µg/m 3 NO 2 , 2·11 (1·10, 4·01) per 5 µg/m 3 PM 2·5 , and 1·68 (1·06, 2·66) per 1 µg/m 3 BC, respectively. We observed indications of increased risks for other types of childhood cancer, however, with very wide CIs including 1. Interpretations The findings of this nation-wide study propose a role of AP in the development of childhood NHL, but more large-scale studies are needed. Funding NordForsk Project #75007.

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“…Male infants generally have higher birthweights than females[9] of the same gestational age[16–18] by approximately 100–200 grams[9,18]. Increasing birthweight is an established risk factor for childhood malignancy[19] including leukemia[19–22] and central nervous system (CNS) tumors[19,20,23–25], the two most common classes of childhood cancers. High birthweight may increase the risk of childhood cancer by increasing the number of mitotic events and thus the frequency of somatic mutations in larger babies[20], or by alterations in maternal hormones and growth factors that encourage rapid fetal growth [26,27]; factors that may ultimately impact cancer occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between sex and most childhood cancers is not mediated by birthweight

Williams

Richardson

Kehm

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology

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Background Male sex is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer as is high birthweight. Given that sex determination precedes birthweight we conducted a mediation analysis to estimate the direct effect of sex in association with childhood cancer tumor type with birthweight as the mediator. Methods Cases (n=12,632) and controls (n=64,439) (ages 0–14 years) were identified from population-based cancer and birth registries in Minnesota, New York, and Washington states (1970–2014). An inverse odds weighting (IOW) mediation analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as the measure of association between sex and cancer. Results A significant indirect effect was observed for sex and lymphoid leukemia, mediated by birthweight (indirectOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). We observed significant direct effects for male sex and lymphoid leukemia (directOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08–1.25), Hodgkin lymphoma (directOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.22–1.81), Burkitt lymphoma (directOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 3.40–7.42), other non- Hodgkin lymphoma (directOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18–1.70), intracranial embryonal tumors (directOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76), hepatoblastoma (directOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.40–2.59), and rhabdomyosarcoma (directOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.19–1.81). There were also inverse associations for extracranial GCTs (directOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26–0.63) and thyroid carcinoma (directOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.25–0.50). Conclusion Significant direct effects for sex and numerous childhood cancer types suggests sex- specific factors such as differences in gene expression from the autosomes or the X chromosome, rather than birthweight, may underlie sex differences in tumor risk.

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Birth weight and subsequent risk of childhood primary brain tumors: An updated meta‐analysis

Abstract: While an association between high birth weight and astrocytoma was confirmed, more studies are needed to investigate medulloblastoma and PNET risk in children with high and low birth weight.

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Maternal diabetes and risk of childhood cancer in the offspring

Maternal diabetes and risk of childhood cancer in the offspring

Air pollution exposure at the residence and risk of childhood cancers in Denmark: A nationwide register-based case-control study

The association between sex and most childhood cancers is not mediated by birthweight

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