Birth weight, cardiometabolic risk factors and effect modification of physical activity in children and adolescents: pooled data from 12 international studies

Bernhardsen, Guro Pauck; Stensrud, Trine; Hansen, Bjørge Herman; Steene-Johannesen, Jostein; Kolle, Elin; Nystad, Wenche; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Hallal, Pedro Curi; Janz, Kathleen F.; Kriemler, Susi; Andersen, Lars Bo; Northstone, Kate; Resaland, Geir Kåre; Sardinha, Luís B.; Sluijs, Esther M. F. van; Ried‐Larsen, Mathias; Ekelund, Ulf

doi:10.1038/s41366-020-0612-9

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…To achieve health benefits, it is recommended that children and adolescents aged 5–17 years participate in an average of 60 min or more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day [ 12 ]. Although the benefits of PA have been well identified, physical inactivity remains a major public health problem [ 13 , 14 ]. The Healthy Active Kids South Africa (HAKSA) 2018 report indicated that 50% of children are not meeting the recommended average of 60 min of MVPA per day [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study

Sedumedi

Janssen

Reilly

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Physical inactivity in children is a global pandemic in parallel with increasing obesity prevalence. However, studies assessing the association between physical activity (PA) and body composition (BC) report conflicting findings, possibly because of the different methodologies across studies, with objective methods promising reliable results. This study determines the association between objectively determined PA levels and BC in 6–8-year-old children from a black South African population. Ninety-three children aged 6–8 years, who formed part of a larger study on BC using the deuterium dilution method (DDM), were included. Height and weight were measured according to the standard procedures, and body mass index z-score was calculated. Fatness was determined by DDM. An accelerometer was used to measure PA levels. Regression models were performed to determine the relationship between PA and BC. Approximately 23% of the children did not meet the recommended PA guidelines and 27% were overfat. After adjustments were made, more time spent in vigorous PA was significantly associated with lower fat mass (β = −0.25, p = 0.01, 95%CI: −11.08; −1.20) and fat mass % (β = −0.20, p = 0.04, 95%CI: −12.63; −0.18). Participation in high PA, especially of high intensity, was associated with reduced adiposity in children. Behavioural changes such as increasing high intensity PA is strongly recommended for reducing adiposity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study

Sedumedi

Janssen

Reilly

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The precise mechanism(s) by which changes in circadian rhythm could affect fetal metabolism remain unknown, but maternal blue‐light exposure may result in alterations in maternal glucose tolerance 8 . This may lead to alterations in placental nutrient and glucose transport, which have detrimental outcomes on fetal growth 45,49 . The associations of maternal blue‐light exposure with infant birthweight may also be explained by endocrinological events caused by blue‐light exposure that may re‐entrain the uterus’ circadian rhythm and lead to a disturbed rhythm in utero .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although low and high birthweight is a risk factor for obesity and chronic metabolic disorders later in life, 48 , 49 no studies have investigated the relationship between maternal blue‐light exposure and infant birthweight. Most studies were performed in nonpregnant subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 This may lead to alterations in placental nutrient and glucose transport, which have detrimental outcomes on fetal growth. 45 , 49 The associations of maternal blue‐light exposure with infant birthweight may also be explained by endocrinological events caused by blue‐light exposure that may re‐entrain the uterus’ circadian rhythm and lead to a disturbed rhythm in utero . Thus, disturbed maternal circadian rhythm possibly changes the developing environment in utero .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evening blue‐light exposure, maternal glucose, and infant birthweight

Balserak

Hermann

Hernandez

et al. 2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Maternal-fetal consequences of exposure to blue-wavelength light are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that evening blue-light exposure is associated with maternal fasting glucose and infant birthweight. Forty-one pregnant women (body mass index = 32.90 ± 6.35 kg/m 2 ; 24-39 years old; 16 with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) wore actigraphs for 7 days, underwent polysomnography, and completed study questionnaires during gestational week 30 ± 3.76. Infant birthweight (n = 41) and maternal fasting glucose (n = 30; range = 16-36 weeks) were recorded from the mothers' medical charts. Blue-light exposure was obtained from Actiwatch-Spectrum recordings. Adjusted and unadjusted linear regression analyses were performed to determine sleep characteristics associated with maternal fasting glucose and infant-birthweight. The mean fasting mid-to late-gestation glucose was 95.73 ± 24.68 mg/dl and infant birthweight was 3271 ± 436 g. In unadjusted analysis, maternal fasting glucose was associated with blue-light exposure (β = 3.82, p = 0.03). In the final model of multiple linear regression for fasting glucose, evening blue-light exposure (β = 4.00, p = 0.01) remained significant after controlling for gestational weight gain, parity, sleep duration, and GDM. Similarly, blue-light exposure was associated with infant birthweight (69.79, p = 0.006) in the unadjusted model, and remained significant (β = 70.38, p = 0.01) after adjusting for weight gain, wakefulness after sleep onset, gestational age at delivery, and GDM. Higher blue-light exposure in pregnancy is associated with higher fasting glucose and infant birthweight. Reduced use of electronic devices before bedtime is a modifiable behavior.

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“…The mothers reported the number of times their 7 years‐old child participated in MVPA outside of school hours in a usual week. The question has previously been compared with accelerometer‐assessed physical activity and is considered useful for ranking children according to level of physical activity 29 . For the joint association analyses, we categorized the variables into 0–2 times/week, 3–4 times/week, and ≥5 times/week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child’s weight status at age 7 years: The MoBa study

Andreassen

Ekelund

Bernhardsen

2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy may affect the development of overweight and obesity in the child. We examined whether maternal exercise during pregnancy is associated with offspring overweight and obesity in childhood. A secondary aim was to examine whether the association is affected by the child's physical activity level. Materials and methods This study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including 44 352 pregnancies and children (n = 32 304 in week 17 and n = 32 419 in week 30 in the final adjusted model). Maternal exercise during pregnancy was self‐reported in gestational weeks 17 and 30. We conducted linear and logistic regression separately for girls and boys, and outcomes were the child's body mass index (BMI) and weight status (overweight/obese) at age 7 years. We further examined the additive joint association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child's leisure time physical activity on weight status at age 7 years. Results In total, 12.4% of the children were classified as overweight or obese, and 1.7% as obese. The results suggest no association between maternal exercise in both gestational weeks 17 and 30 and the weight status of the child at age 7 years. The association between maternal exercise and the child's weight status at age 7 years appears not to be affected by the child's physical activity level. Conclusion Maternal exercise level during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with the child's BMI or odds of being overweight or obese in childhood.

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Birth weight, cardiometabolic risk factors and effect modification of physical activity in children and adolescents: pooled data from 12 international studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study

Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6–8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC–IT Study

Evening blue‐light exposure, maternal glucose, and infant birthweight

No association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child’s weight status at age 7 years: The MoBa study

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