Ten novel inorganic-organic hybrid polyoxometalates, namely, [1,3-bis(pyridinium) propane] 2 [a-Mo 8 O 26 ] (1), [1,4-bis(pyridinium) 10), (Scheme 1) were synthesized by cation templated self-assembly with octamolybdate anions under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Crystal data analysis revealed that these compounds were all composed of discrete organic cations and polyacid anions [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4À interacting by electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. Interestingly in these compounds the anion fraction could take on a-, b-, q-, g-[Mo 8 O 26 ] 4À 0D isomers or rare 1D-polymeric frameworks with a simple length modification of the alkane components. Moreover, these polyacid compounds had definite catalytic activities on the oxidation reaction of acetaldehyde to acetic acid and the relationship of structure/catalytic activities were initially demonstrated.Scheme 1 Schematic representation of the 1,u-bis(pyridinium)alkane dications (n ¼ 3-12).