Bis‐clickable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Straightforward Preparation of Light‐Actuated Nanomachines for Controlled Drug Delivery with Active Targeting

Abstract

Bis(clickable) mesoporous silica nanospheres (ca. 100 nm) were obtained by the co-condensation of TEOS with variable amounts (2-5 % each) of two clickable organosilanes in the presence of CTAB. Such nanoparticles could be easily functionalized with two independent functions using the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction to transform them into nanomachines bearing cancer cell targeting ligands with the ability to deliver drugs on-demand. The active targeting was made possible after anchoring folic acid by CuAAC click reaction, whereas the controlled delivery was performed by clicked azobenzene fragments. Indeed, the azobenzene groups are able to obstruct the pores of the nanoparticles in the dark whereas upon irradiation in the UV or in the blue range, their trans-to-cis photoisomerization provokes disorder in the pores, enabling the delivery of the cargo molecules. The on-command delivery was proven in solution by dye release experiments, and in vitro by doxorubicin delivery. The added value of the folic acid ligand was clearly evidenced by the difference of cell killing induced by doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles under blue irradiation, depending on whether the particles featured the clicked folic acid ligand or not.

Functionalized Ultrasmall Fluorinated Graphene with High NIR Absorbance for Controlled Delivery of Mixed Anticancer Drugs

“…It is considered that when the conditions are acidic, especially below 5, the amino groups on CS chains are fully protonated and thus the FGOÀCS sheets are individually dispersed in water due to the strong electrostatic repulsion, [45] and the extendedC Sb ranches make the size of FGOÀCS (ca. [46][47][48][49] Moreover,a sd epicted in Figure 4c,F GOÀCS keeps good photothermal stability even after cycles of on/off irradiation, suggesting enoughr eliability for practical applications in photothermalt herapy or photothermal enhanced drug release or chemotherapy. 60 nm).…”

“…For FGO and FGO−CS, a power‐density‐dependent temperature‐rise behavior was also observed (Figure b), and when the concentration was 0.05 mg mL −1 , the temperature of the suspension reached 45 °C even under a low power of 1.0 W cm −2 . It has been reported that such a temperature can effectively enhance efficacy of drug release and its toxicity toward cancer cells . Moreover, as depicted in Figure c, FGO−CS keeps good photothermal stability even after cycles of on/off irradiation, suggesting enough reliability for practical applications in photothermal therapy or photothermal enhanced drug release or chemotherapy.…”

Direct Transfer of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles between Macrophages and Cancer Cells

“…Siliceous nanoparticles have been extensively used in cancer research as drug nanocarriers [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In 2011, Slowing et al [ 28 ] reported asymmetric mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-transfer between endothelial cells and HeLa cells based on exocytosis by endothelial cells and reuptake by HeLa cells.…”

Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas from Polyion Complex Micelles – Effect of Organic Bridge on Nanostructure

“…Since the first reports of their preparation in the early 1990s, bridged silsesquioxanes, which consist of an organic group connected to at least two trialkoxysilyl groups,, are now routinely used to prepare hybrid silicas for various applications including catalysis, photovoltaics, and nanomedicine . Around the same time, the first syntheses of purely silica‐based periodic mesoporous materials using soft templating surfactants as structuring agents were reported .…”

“…This approach offers the possibility of having the organic functions distributed uniformly within the walls of the pores and, in addition, facilitates the design of multifunctional hybrid materials such as PMO nanoparticles which can be used in catalysis, adsorption, drug delivery, sensing, etc . Although the development, characterization and uses of PMOs have been reviewed by several authors, many additional applications can be anticipated, based on the possibility of mixing and localizing the functionalities in the pores or in the walls, controlling the proximities of multiple organic functions,, improving the wall crystallinity, as well as controlling the pore size and the wall thickness of the resulting materials. However, a limitation of traditional surfactant‐based soft templates is the relatively small size of the pores that are typically obtained, which limits the potential applications of the resulting PMOs.…”