Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
(FTS) is a versatile technology
to produce high-quality fuels and key building-block chemicals from
syngas derived from nonpetroleum carbon resources such as coal, natural
gas, shale gas, biomass, solid waste, and even CO2. However,
the product selectivity of FTS is always limited by the Anderson–Schulz–Flory
(ASF) distribution, and the key scientific problems including selectivity
control, energy saving, and CO2 emission reduction still
challenge the current FTS technology. Herein, we review recent significant
progress in the field of FTS to obtain specific target products including
fuels, olefins, aromatics, and higher alcohols with high selectivity.
These achievements are enabled by developing highly efficient catalysts
and a controlled reaction pathway based on an integrated process.
The structural nature of catalytic active sites and established structure–performance
relationships are clarified. Moreover, we specially focus on the carbon
utilization efficiency, and the efforts to tune the preferential formation
of value-added chemicals and strategies to reduce CO2 selectivity
are summarized. The challenges and the perspectives for future FTS
technology development with high carbon efficiency are also discussed.