“…A number of codes have been developed in the United States and elsewhere to assess metallic fuels against performance metrics and safety criteria, including LIFE-METAL [12], [13], SESAME [14], ALFUS [15], MACSIS [16], FEAST-METAL [17], FAST [18], BISON [19], [20], and SAS4A [21]- [23]. These codes have been applied to aid in fuel element design, performance, and safety calculations; plan and interpret the results of irradiation experiments; and support fuel qualification efforts.…”