Bispectral index analysis during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a propofol‐anesthetized calf

Aprea, Francesco; Martin-Jurado, Olga; Jenni, Simone D.; Mosing, Martina

doi:10.1111/vec.12123

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Interstitial dehydration has been cited as a contraindication for the administration of hypertonic saline [46]. In adult bovines, it is recommended that 20 L of fluids should be administered IV or by orogastric tube after IV hypertonic saline administration [19]. In case 1, the concerns regarding damage to the surgical site precluded orogastric tube administration of fluids post-operatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases atropine was used in an attempt to treat bradycardia. The expected HR for an adult bovine under general anaesthesia is 60-90 bpm [19]. Heart rate for 2 month old calves under general anaesthesia has not been reported, however the average HR for a 55-60 days old awake calf is reported to be 98 bpm [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case 2, atropine 10 μg/kg IV was administered and repeated 10 min later, again the patient remained bradycardic (HR 55 bpm). The recommended doses for atropine reported in ruminants is 6-10 μg/kg IV and 20-40 μg/kg IM [19]. Side effects associated with the administration of atropine include decreased gut motility, viscous secretions (risk of airway obstruction) and atrioventricular blocks at low doses [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods to improve BP include: decreased peak inspiratory pressure if positive pressure ventilation is being performed, use of locoregional techniques [15], use of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sparing drugs (e.g. ketamine, ⍺-2 adrenergic agonists) [5], and administration of calcium gluconate intravenously (IV) to improve cardiac contractility [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf

2020

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Background: Hypotension is one of the most common complications observed during inhalation anaesthesia in veterinary patients. Treatment of hypotension in cattle is more challenging than in other species, owing to the limited number of drugs licensed in food producing animals. The use of adrenaline as an infusion to support blood pressure has not been described previously in bovines. Case presentation: A cow and a calf presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for bilateral mandibular fracture repair and bladder rupture repair respectively, developed severe anaesthetic related hypotension unresponsive to conventional treatments. In both cases an adrenaline infusion was started and slowly increased to effect, with infusion rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.25 μg/kg/min. Blood pressure increased as the adrenaline infusion rate increased, but clinically significant improvements in blood pressure were only observed with infusion rates exceeding 0.05 μg/kg/min. The side effect observed with adrenaline infusion was an increase in plasma lactate levels in both cases. Both animals were euthanised due to non-anaesthetic related complications. Conclusions: Maintenance of normotension is important during bovine anaesthesia to prevent the development of postanaesthetic complications. In the cases described here, adrenaline was effective as an additional treatment of anaesthetic related hypotension. Further research is required to establish the recommended infusion rates, cardiovascular effects and possible side effects of adrenaline infusion administration as a treatment for hypotension in bovines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf

2020

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“…This has precluded the validation of BIS values because the development of this index for humans, as well as for use in animals, especially in cattle, has only recently begun. Using the BIS, APREA et al (2014) clearly showed in a case report of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a propofol-anesthetized calf that the BIS values that were assessed had varied with cardiovascular function and that BIS was indicative of cerebral perfusion in cattle. ARAÚJO et al (2014) and reported mean BIS values of approximately 40 when conducting studies in calves using inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane combined with butorphanol infusion, and assessing BIS in isoflurane-anesthetized calves with or without CRI of lidocaine, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bispectral index assessment in calves subjected to the continuous infusion of propofol combined with fentanyl administration

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) effects in calves through continuous infusion of propofol with or without fentanyl. Eight Holstein male calves (ages from six to twelve months old) with an average weight of 123±18kg were used. All animals participated in both groups, always keeping a minimum interval of one week between the anesthetic procedures; the calves were randomly distributed between groups. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous (IV) dose of propofol of 5mg kg-1 in control group (GP) or with propofol (4mg kg-1) associated with IV fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1(GF). All the calves were positioned in right lateral recumbency and were allowed to spontaneously breathe room air. Subsequently, the anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of propofol at the rate of 0.6mg kg-1 min-1 IV in GP, and associated with the infusion of fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1 hour-1 in GF. Measurements of BIS, signal quality index (SQI) and electromyography (EMG) were evaluated before anesthesia induction (TB), and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the beginning of continuous drugs infusion (T15, T30, T45 and T60, respectively). The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2) and recovery times were evaluated as well. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the BIS variables and the recovery time was longer in GF. Co-administration of propofol and fentanyl infusions, at the doses reported here, did not change the values of BIS in cattle, but delayed the recovery time.

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Variable‐rate infusion of adrenaline to manage hypotension in an anaesthetised goat

Casoria¹,

Auckburally²,

Rocchi³

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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Treatment of hypotension in domestic ruminants is more challenging than in other species, due to strict drug legislation and a limited number of licensed drugs in foodproducing animals. The use of adrenaline as a variable-rate infusion to improve haemodynamics is a viable treatment option when other interventions fail. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate infusion rates and potential side effects in goats. BACKGROUNDHypotension, or low systemic arterial blood pressure, is one of the most common complications during general anaesthesia in veterinary patients, with a reported frequency of 7%-37.9% in dogs and 8.5%-33% in cats. [1][2][3][4] Consequences of intraoperative hypotension are described in both human and veterinary medicine, and include increased mortality, prolonged hospitalisation, myocardial and kidney injury, cerebral ischaemia, neurological deficits and myopathies. [5][6][7][8] Despite being a relatively common problem, there is still a lack of consistency in the definition of hypotension in the veterinary literature. Generally, concerns should arise when the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) decreases below approximately 60 mmHg or the systolic blood pressure decreases below approximately 80 mmHg in any species. 9 Hypotension was defined as MAP <62 mmHg and systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) <87 mmHg in anaesthetised dogs. 10 In horses, hypotension has been defined as MAP <70 mmHg, as there is a well-recognised association between post-anaesthetic myopathy and hypotension during general anaesthesia. [11][12][13] However, in ruminants, there is no clear definition of hypotension, and its frequency during general anaesthesia has not been reported. Physiological arterial blood pressure values in conscious goats are a SAP of 90-120 mmHg, a diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) of 60-80 mmHg and a MAP of 75-100 mmHg. 9 Anaesthetic-related hypotension in otherwise healthy animals is a result of several mechanisms. Various injectable and inhalant anaesthetic agents directly affect heart rate, preload, afterload, myocardial contractility or systemic vascular resistance. These variables are intimately associated with blood pressure; therefore, a change in any of the variables (alone This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Bispectral index analysis during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a propofol‐anesthetized calf

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf

Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf

Bispectral index assessment in calves subjected to the continuous infusion of propofol combined with fentanyl administration

Variable‐rate infusion of adrenaline to manage hypotension in an anaesthetised goat

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