Bispectral Index During Maintenance of Total Intravenous Anesthesia: Frequency of Out of Recommended Range and Impact of Patients’ Characteristics: A Brief Report

Abstract

Little is known about respecting the recommended range of bispectral index (BIS) in practice. This exploratory retrospective analysis of 138 robotic surgical patients having received total intravenous anesthesia shows that BIS was between 40 and 60 during 61.3% ± 25.2% (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of maintenance, >60 during 3.1% ± 5.5%, and <40 during 35.7% ± 26.9%. Burst suppression was present during 17.8% ± 22.2%. Female sex is associated with increased periods of BIS <40 (P = .002) as is body mass index (BMI) <26 (P = .012). Increased age is associated with increase in burst suppression (P = .005). A larger study is required to confirm the role of patients’ factors on the number of periods of low BIS.

Clinical effect of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients: A randomized, controlled trial

“…It can also be used to compare the drug onset time in induction of general anesthesia and provides an effective reference for the timing of tracheal intubation. 16 …”

“…The BIS can determine the effectiveness of general anesthetic drugs during general anesthesia by dynamically monitoring the cortical functional status in real time using numerical indicators. It can also be used to compare the drug onset time in induction of general anesthesia and provides an effective reference for the timing of tracheal intubation 16 …”

“…It can also be used to compare the drug onset time in induction of general anesthesia and provides an effective reference for the timing of tracheal intubation. 16 Ciprofol is an isomer or small molecule substance with an (R) configuration. It is a short-acting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, and its mechanism is to increase the internal flow of chloride ions mediated by GABA receptor to produce sedative and anesthetic effects.…”

Comparative analysis of the effect of electromyogram to bispectral index and 95% spectral edge frequency under remimazolam and propofol anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial

“…Although in this trial, gender did not affect the primary outcomes and other outcomes, it is reported that women had higher BIS values at similar concentrations of anesthesia ( 43 ). Meanwhile, Gross et al suggested that women were associated with increased periods of BIS <40 during the maintenance of total intravenous anesthesia ( 44 ). These results may be related to the influence of gender factors on the metabolism of anesthetics such as propofol ( 45 , 46 ).…”

Letter to the Editor Regarding: The Effect of Preoperative Anxiety and Pain Sensitivity on Preoperative Hemodynamics, Propofol Consumption, and Postoperative Recovery and Pain in Endoscopic Ultrasonography

“…Second, the author used the bispectral index (BIS) to monitor the depth of anesthesia. Although BIS monitoring is a better method for assessing the sedation depth at present, it is also easily affected by other factors [ 3 , 4 ]. In fact, in clinical practice, we usually give additional doses of propofol according to patients’ manifestations, vital signs, and BIS in such kinds of procedures.…”