Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. Food

Schecter, Arnold; Malik, Noor Ul Ain; Haffner, Darrah; Smith, Sarah M.; Harris, T. Robert; Paepke, Olaf; Birnbaum, Linda S.

doi:10.1021/es102785d

Cited by 261 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…23 Several previous studies have reported that BPA in the inner coating of cans may leach into the food based on measurements of BPA concentrations in various canned products. [24][25][26][27][28][29] BPA concentrations in the canned beverage in the present study were comparable with the results of previous studies. For instance, Lim et al 26 reported that mean BPA concentrations in canned beverages were 8.30 μg/kg, with the range being nondetectable to 14.26 μg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Exposure to Bisphenol A From Drinking Canned Beverages Increases Blood Pressure

2015

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which are used in a wide range of products, including plastic bottles, food containers, optical discs, dental fillings, and on the inner coating of cans.1 Therefore, BPA exposure is ubiquitous and has been detected in >95% of the population in the United States. 2BPA shows affinity for the estrogen receptor and may alter its function by blocking or mimicking the action of estrogen. 3Previous epidemiological studies have reported the associations between BPA exposure and adverse health effects on the reproductive 4-8 and endocrine systems. 9 BPA exposure had also been associated with cardiovascular disorders. We had previously reported that increased urinary BPA concentration was associated with higher blood pressure (BP) and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) in a panel study with elderly participants. 10 A previous study that analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set also reported that increased urinary BPA concentration was associated with hypertension.11 Furthermore, other studies had reported that increased urinary BPA was associated with heart and peripheral artery diseases, of which hypertension and decreased HRV are important risk factors. 9,[12][13][14] Considering that most of the previous epidemiological studies examined the crosssectional associations between urinary BPA concentration and health outcomes, a randomized intervention trial can provide a higher level of evidence and may elucidate the health effect of BPA more clearly.Canned food is one of the known BPA exposure sources. Previous studies have reported that BPA in the epoxy lining of the can containers could leach into food.15-17 A randomized crossover trial showed that eating canned soup for 5 consecutive days increased urinary BPA concentration by >1000% compared with eating soup cooked with fresh ingredients. 18The increase exceeds the range of exposure previously reported to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders in the previous epidemiological studies. However, we could not find any report on the health effect of such increased exposure caused by consuming canned food.In the present study, we conducted randomized crossover intervention trial to examine whether consuming canned beverage and consequent increase of BPA exposure actually affect BP and HRV.Abstract-Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in plastic bottles and inner coating of beverage cans, and its exposure is almost ubiquitous. BPA has been associated with hypertension and decreased heart rate variability in the previous studies. The aim of the present study was to determine whether increased BPA exposure from consumption of canned beverage actually affects blood pressure and heart rate variability. We conducted a randomized crossover trial with noninstitutionalized adults, who were aged ≥60 years and recruited from a local community center. A total of 60 participants visited the study site 3 times, and they were provided t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Exposure to Bisphenol A From Drinking Canned Beverages Increases Blood Pressure

2015

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“…It is known that epoxy resins used as liners for metal cans release bisphenol A (BPA) into canned foods. Elevated concentrations of BPA have been reported in canned foods (Cao et al, 2010;Noonan et al, 2011;Schecter et al, 2010). Our results suggest that there is no association between the concentration of parabens in foods and Vegetables and fruits include fresh and processed products; cereals include cereal products.…”

Section: Comparisons Among Food Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs from China and its implications for human dietary exposure

Liao

Chen

Kannan

2013

Environment International

173

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Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used as antimicrobial preservatives in a range of consumer products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs. Despite their widespread use, prior to this study, paraben concentrations in foodstuffs from China and human dietary exposure to these chemicals have been unknown. In this study, concentrations of six parabens were determined in 13 categories of food samples (n = 282), including cereals and cereal products, meat, fish and seafood, eggs, dairy products, bean products, fruits, vegetables, cookies, beverages, cooking oils, condiments, and others, collected from nine cities in China. Almost all (detection rate: 99%) food samples contained at least one of the parabens analyzed, and the total concentrations (ΣParabens; sum of six parabens) ranged from below limit of quantification (LOQ) to 2530 ng/g fresh weight, with an overall mean value of 39.3 ng/g. Methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), and propyl paraben (PrP) were the major paraben analogs found in foodstuffs, and these compounds accounted for 59%, 24%, and 10%, respectively, of ΣParaben concentrations. Although the mean concentrations of ΣParabens varied among different categories of food items (from 0.839 ng/g in beverages to 100 ng/g in vegetables), the concentrations were not statistically significant among the 13 food categories, including canned foodstuffs. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of parabens was based on the measured concentrations in foods and the corresponding daily food ingestion rates. The mean and 95th percentile values for EDI were 1010 and 3040 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for adult men and 1060 and 3170 ng/kg bw/day for adult women, respectively.

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“…For example, the polyphenolic compound bisphenol A, which is used as a plasticizer in can linings, has been detected in canned cat food and may act as a thyroid disruptor (Edinboro et al 2004, Schecter et al 2010. In a similar vein, recent studies both in the USA and Sweden have reported high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in cats, a fire-retardant with known thyroid-disrupting properties (Dye et al 2007, Guo et al 2012, Mensching et al 2012, Norrgran et al 2012.…”

Section: Why Has Feline Nodular Goiter Reached Such Epidemic Proportimentioning

confidence: 99%