Bisphenol A release from food and beverage containers – A review

Abstract

Dietary exposure was introduced as the primary way Bisphenol A (BPA) enters the human body. Although significant efforts have been made to analyze BPA's presence in different foodstuffs, less attention has been given to introducing the conditions that facilitate BPA release. This review aimed to mention possible factors affecting BPA release into foods and beverages. According to the results, the critical factors in BPA release are temperature, manufacturing process, food and packaging type, pH, mineral elements, repeated use, irradiation, washing, contact time, and using detergents. It showed that using PC containers, high temperature and pH, storage under solar irradiation, alkaline detergents, water hardness, and repeated use could increase the BPA release from containers into foodstuff. During various conditions, hydrolysis of the carbonate linkage and d-spacing will increase. Considering these parameters and limiting the use of PC containers, the potential risk of BPA exposure could be eliminated.

Designing healthier and more sustainable ultraprocessed foods

“…For instance, the plastic material itself may degrade leading to the formation of microplastics or nanoplastics that can migrate into foods (Cverenkarova et al., 2021; Jin et al., 2021; Kaseke et al., 2023). Alternatively, some of the additives in plastics, such as phthalates and bisphenols (like BPA), can migrate into foods and adulterate them (Sadrabad et al., 2023). The presence of these packaging chemicals in foods may have adverse health effects, especially if they are consumed at relatively high levels over long periods (Hirt & Body‐Malapel, 2020; Tumu et al., 2023).…”

Deciphering the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 in BPA-mediated toxicity: Implications for targeted therapies

“…An extensive array of plastic commodities, including infant feeding bottles and beverage receptacles. Notably, the prevalence of BPA extends to its integration in epoxy resin coatings utilized in the lining of food and beverage containers, which reflects a pervasive presence in our modern packaging infrastructure [ 1 ]. BPA exerts a pervasive influence on the endocrine milieu, precipitating multifaceted perturbations in hormonal dynamics.…”

Bisphenols in Aquatic Products from South China: Implications for Human Exposure

“…Bisphenols (BPs) are recognized as an important class of synthetic chemicals that are widely used as raw materials to make epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. These materials are used in the manufacturing of a number of products, such as food and drink containers, thermal paper receipts, and baby products [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Polycarbonate plastic production involves synthesizing bisphenol A (BPA).…”