Bisphenols exert detrimental effects on neuronal signaling in mature vertebrate brains

Schirmer, Elisabeth; Schuster, Stefan; Machnik, Peter

doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01966-w

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Increases in the caprolactam pathway are interesting because they have been associated with longevity in humans, and high levels of caprolactam metabolising bacteria may provide a protection against toxins in the environment. Environmental toxins such as plastics and synthetic organic compounds have an impact on mental health ( Daniel et al, 2020 ; Minatoya and Kishi, 2021 ; Schirmer et al, 2021 ) and our results raise the possibility that LI-rTMS may facilitate the growth of micro-organisms that can breakdown these compounds, potentially provide a protective effect. It will be important in future studies to determine whether the bacterial changes identified in this study actively contribute to the changes in behaviour, or are merely a consequence of the different interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Changes in the rodent gut microbiome following chronic restraint stress and low-intensity rTMS

Seewoo

Chua

Arena-Foster

et al. 2022

Neurobiology of Stress

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Gut microbiome composition is associated with mood-relating behaviours, including those reflecting depression-like phenotypes. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, is an effective treatment for depression, but its effects on the gut microbiome remain largely unknown. This study assessed microbial changes from rat faecal samples longitudinally following chronic restraint stress (CRS) and 10 Hz low-intensity rTMS treatment. CRS increased abundance within the Proteobacteria (Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales) and Firmicutes ( Anaerostipes, Frinsingococcus ) , with decreases in Firmicutes family (Acidaminococcaceae) and genera ( Roseburia , Phascolarctobacterium and Fusicatenibacter ) persisting for up to 4 weeks post CRS. The decrease in Firmicutes was not observed in the handling control and LI-rTMS groups, suggesting that handling alone may have sustained changes in gut microbiome associated with CRS. Nonetheless, LI-rTMS was specifically associated with an increase in Roseburia genus that developed 2 weeks after treatment, and the abundance of both Roseburia and Fusicatenibacter genera was significantly correlated with rTMS behavioural and MRI outcomes. In addition, LI-rTMS treated rats had a reduction in apoptosis pathways and several indicators of reduced inflammatory processes. These findings provide evidence that the brain can influence the gut microbiome in a “top-down” manner, presumably via stimulation of descending pathways, and/or indirectly via behavioural modification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Changes in the rodent gut microbiome following chronic restraint stress and low-intensity rTMS

Seewoo

Chua

Arena-Foster

et al. 2022

Neurobiology of Stress

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“…Correspondingly, concerns against the use of BPS are rising with the number of studies also revealing detrimental effects of BPS [30,42,49,52,60,61]. Using an in vivo approach, we recently showed that BPA and its main substitute BPS both affect neuronal and synaptic functions in the adult vertebrate brain [54]. Thereby, exposure to small quantities of these plastic compounds over limited time interfered with signal transmission between nerve cells (Figure 2b).…”

Section: Beyond Toxicity Tests: the Blind Spots In Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It affects hormonal balance and reproductive potential and alters neuronal development and metabolic processes in humans, other mammals, birds, and in so-called lower vertebrates [37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Due to its hazardous properties, the scope of application of BPA has been limited in the EU to reduce exposure situations [25] and calls are being made for safer alternatives [54,55]. Although bisphenols also leach into the environment, humans appear to be exposed to bisphenols primarily through food packaging and contaminated food (Figure 2a) [24,38,42,56,57].…”

Section: Beyond Toxicity Tests: the Blind Spots In Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong effects of BPA and BPS on essential communication functions and signal transmission in the adult vertebrate brain could never have been predicted from toxicity tests. Detecting them required a specific approach, the intracellular in vivo recording in a suitable preparation [54]. (2) A battery of potent in vitro assays exists that reveal the effects of substances on neuronal development [7].…”

Section: Beyond Toxicity Tests: the Blind Spots In Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After having entered the body, they are able to pass the blood-brain barrier and to affect the brain. (b) Intracellular in vivo recording in the Mauthner neuron revealed the impact of both BPA and BPS on essential communication functions of neurons and central processing of sensory information in the mature vertebrate brain[54]. One month of exposition to BPA or BPS in environmentally relevant concentration affected the generation of action potentials in the brain as well as the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to auditory and visual sensory circuits.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recording from an Identified Neuron Efficiently Reveals Hazard for Brain Function in Risk Assessment

Machnik

Schuster

2021

Molecules

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Modern societies use a continuously growing number of chemicals. Because these are released into the environment and are taken up by humans, rigorous (but practicable) risk assessment must precede the approval of new substances for commerce. A number of tests is applicable, but it has been very difficult to efficiently assay the effect of chemicals on communication and information processing in vivo in the adult vertebrate brain. Here, we suggest a straightforward way to rapidly and accurately detect effects of chemical exposure on action potential generation, synaptic transmission, central information processing, and even processing in sensory systems in vivo by recording from a single neuron. The approach is possible in an identified neuron in the hindbrain of fish that integrates various sources of information and whose properties are ideal for rapid analysis of the various effects chemicals can have on the nervous system. The analysis uses fish but, as we discuss here, key neuronal functions are conserved and differences can only be due to differences in metabolism or passage into the brain, factors that can easily be determined. Speed and efficiency of the method, therefore, make it suitable to provide information in risk assessment, as we illustrate here with the effects of bisphenols on adult brain function.

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Association of urinary bisphenols with thyroid function in the general population: a cross-sectional study of an industrial park in China

Hu,

Lai,

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background: Bisphenols (BPs) are potential thyroid disruptors that are widely used in many consumer products, leading to their widespread exposure in the general population. Current studies have found that there is a certain association between exposure to BPs and serum thyroid function measures, albeit with some controversy.Objectives: To describe demographic characteristics, BP exposure levels, and thyroid function measurements in potentially exposed and control districts and to investigate the association of urinary BPs with thyroid function.Methods: Data were collected from a general population aged 3-79 years (N = 281) recruited by the Zhejiang Human Biomonitoring Program (ZJHBP). The concentrations of 10 kinds of BPs in urine and serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) in serum were measured.Results: Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol P (BPP) were detected, respectively, in 82.73%, 94.24%, and 55.40% of the population in the exposed area and 81.69%, 61.27%, and 43.66% of the population in the control area. Among adult females, serum TT3 was negatively associated with urinary BPA (β = -0.030, P = 0.047). Among minor females, FT4 and Tg levels were negatively associated with the urinary BPA (β = −0.026, P = 0.032 for FT4; β = −0.129, P = 0.035 for Tg), and TPOAb was positively associated with urinary BPA (β = 0.104 P = 0.039). Conclusion:We found widespread exposure to BPA, BPS, and BPP in the general population of Zhejiang province and found a limited association between BPA and thyroid hormones. This association is gender-and age-dependent and needs to be con rmed in further studies.This study is part of the Zhejiang Human Biomonitoring Program (ZJHBP), a population-based representative and prospective cross-sectional study that has been established to record the degree of human exposure to various environmental chemicals and understand the exposure pro le, degree, and continuous trend of the general population in Zhejiang province, China. District A, where the industrial park was located, was selected as the exposed area, and District B was selected as the control area. Both District A and District B are located in the same city, the living standards and dietary habits of residents in the two regions were similar. Participants recruited in the two districts of Zhejiang gave written consent for the collection blood and urine samples and their participation in the ZJHBP study between September 2021 and October 2021. The exclusion criteria were as follows: history of thyroid disease, history of surgical thyroid interventions, mental disease, cognitive impairment, history of occupational exposure to poisons, and living in the monitoring area for less than 6 months. The participants were also excluded if missing biological samples or lack of information on crit...

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Bisphenols exert detrimental effects on neuronal signaling in mature vertebrate brains

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Changes in the rodent gut microbiome following chronic restraint stress and low-intensity rTMS

Changes in the rodent gut microbiome following chronic restraint stress and low-intensity rTMS

Recording from an Identified Neuron Efficiently Reveals Hazard for Brain Function in Risk Assessment

Association of urinary bisphenols with thyroid function in the general population: a cross-sectional study of an industrial park in China

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