and started his career as a scientist at the National Institute of Standards (NIS), Egypt. He received his MSc in 1999 and his Ph.D. from Cairo University in 2003 for his study on the calibration and characterization of organic material for use in radiation dosimetry using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In 1999, Dr. Maghraby worked as a guest researcher at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Maryland, USA, and as a visiting scientist at Dartmouth College (EPR center of viable system) in New Hampshire, USA, in 2008. In 2006, he worked as a guest researcher for the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany's national metrology institute. He has led and participated in several international research projects on radiation measurements. His research interest is ionizing radiation metrology, especially ionization chambers, EPR, and thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). He is a reviewer for several peer-reviewed journals and has supervised a number of master's and Ph.D. theses, and was elected as the vice president of the National Committee of Physics (NPC) in Egypt.