Bistability and hysteresis of intersubband absorption in strongly interacting electrons on liquid helium

Konstantinov, Denis; Dykman, M. I.; Lea, M. J.; Monarkha, Yu. P.; Kono, Kimitoshi

doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.155416

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…The focus of a more recent activity was on the photoresponse of the electron fluid. A characteristic feature of the photoresponse is resonant absorption at a frequency of order 100 GHz (Konstantinov et al, , 2012b(Konstantinov et al, , 2007(Konstantinov et al, , 2008a, corresponding to the transition from the lowest to the first excited subband (i.e., the first excited state for motion in the direction transverse to the surface). It is worth noting that the conductivity of electrons on the helium surface is measured in a contactless way, by capacitively coupling the 2D electron system to electrodes and measuring the complex conductance (admittance) of the circuit.…”

Section: Electrons On Liquid Heliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels

et al. 2012

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Developments in the physics of 2D electron systems during the last decade revealed a new class of nonequilibrium phenomena in the presence of a moderately strong magnetic field. The hallmark of these phenomena is magnetoresistance oscillations generated by the external forces that drive the electron system out of equilibrium. The rich set of dramatic phenomena of this kind, discovered in high mobility semiconductor nanostructures, includes, in particular, microwave radiation-induced resistance oscillations and zero-resistance states, as well as Hall field-induced resistance oscillations and associated zero-differential resistance states. The experimental manifestations of these phenomena and the unified theoretical framework for describing them in terms of a quantum kinetic equation are reviewed. This survey also contains a thorough discussion of the magnetotransport properties of 2D electrons in the linear-response regime, as well as an outlook on future directions, including related nonequilibrium phenomena in other 2D electron systems.

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Section: Electrons On Liquid Heliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels

et al. 2012

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“…The heating is facilitated by fast elastic scattering of the MW-excited electrons between the subbands, such that the energy absorbed by MW excitation is transferred into the energy of electron in-plane motion. Moreover, electrons redistribute energy within the same subband due to electron-electron collisions, such that SEs are described by an effective electron temperature T e , which can significantly exceed the liquid helium temperature T [29][30][31]. The electron-electron collision rate is of the same order as the plasmon frequency of SE and is much higher than any rate involved here [32,33].…”

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Relaxation of the Excited Rydberg States of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium

2021

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We report the first direct observation of the decay of the excited-state population in electrons trapped on the surface of liquid helium. The relaxation dynamics, which are governed by inelastic scattering processes in the system, are probed by the real-time response of the electrons to a pulsed microwave excitation. Comparison with theoretical calculations allows us to establish the dominant mechanisms of inelastic scattering for different temperatures. The longest measured relaxation time is around 1 μs at the lowest temperature of 135 mK, which is determined by the inelastic scattering due to the spontaneous two-ripplon emission process. Furthermore, the image-charge response shortly after applying microwave radiation reveals interesting population dynamics due to the multisubband structure of the system.

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“…The heating is facilitated by fast elastic scattering of the MW-excited electrons between the subbands, such that the energy absorbed by MW excitation is transferred into the energy of electron in-plane motion. Moreover, electrons redistribute energy within the same subband due to electron-electron collisions, such that SE are described by an effective electron temperature T e , which can significantly exceed the liquid helium temperature T [19,33,36]. The electron-electron collision rate is of the same order as the plasmon frequency of SE and is much higher than any rate involved here [32,37].…”

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confidence: 99%

Image-Charge Detection of the Rydberg States of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium

2019

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new spectroscopic method, image-charge detection, for the Rydberg states of surface electrons on liquid helium. The excitation of the Rydberg states of the electrons induces an image current in the circuit to which the electrons are capacitively coupled. In contrast to the conventional microwave absorption measurement, this method makes it possible to resolve the transitions to high-lying Rydberg states of the surface electrons. We also show that this method can potentially be used to detect quantum states of a single electron, which paves a way to utilize the quantum states of the surface electrons on liquid helium for quantum computing. PACS numbers:Surface electrons (SE) above liquid helium constitute an exquisitely pure quantum system which for a long time served as a unique experimental platform to discover interesting many-electron phenomena [1]. The quantized (Rydberg) states of SE with a hydrogen-like energy spectrum E n = −R e /n 2 , where R e ∼ 10 −3 eV and n is a positive integer number, are formed due to the attractive interaction between an electron and its image charge inside the liquid, as well as a strong repulsive barrier experienced by the electron at the vapor-liquid interface. For typical experimental temperatures below 1 K, electrons occupy the ground state and are localized about 10 nm above the surface. The higher-energy Rydberg states can be excited by millimeter-waves (∼ 100 GHz) radiation. Grimes and Brown first measured the transitions from the ground (n = 1) to the low-lying excited states (n = 2 ∼ 6) by detecting the change in the microwave (MW) absorption caused by the excitation of the Rydberg states of SE using a cryogenic bolometer [2]. A renewed interest in the Rydberg states of SE has emerged from their potential as qubit states [3,4], which was followed by several other proposals to use either orbital or spin states of SE as qubit states [5,6]. A crucial point for successful qubit implementation is the ability to manipulate and detect quantum states of a single electron. For such an application, the conventional MW absorption measurement is inappropriate as a detection of the quantum state because it is applicable only for a sufficiently large number of electrons [2,7,8], and so is the indirect detection of the Rydberg transitions via the measurement of SE conductivity [9,10]. Originally, a destructive readout of the Rydberg states was proposed, in which the electrons leave the liquid surface depending on the occupied Rydberg states [3,11]. An interesting and promising idea is to use the strong coupling of a single electron to a superconducting resonator to realize a nondestructive readout of electron quantum states [6,12]. However, this method is limited to a low transition frequency which should match the frequency of the coplanar resonator (∼ 5 GHz), thus it is not applicable for the de-tection of the excitation of the Rydberg states.Here, we propose and demonstrate a new spectroscopic method, image-charge detection, for the Rydber...

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Bistability and hysteresis of intersubband absorption in strongly interacting electrons on liquid helium

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels

Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels

Relaxation of the Excited Rydberg States of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium

Image-Charge Detection of the Rydberg States of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium

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