Bistable Black Electrochromic Windows Based on the Reversible Metal Electrodeposition of Bi and Cu

Hernandez, Tyler S.; Barile, Christopher J.; Strand, Michael T.; Dayrit, Teresa E.; Slotcavage, Daniel J.; McGehee, Michael D.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01072

Cited by 117 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2j, k). Precisely, due to the morphology of the deposited Bi atom, they obtained an ideal black display and its coloration state could be maintained for 25 h without a continuous power supply 42,43 . However, the known systems with reversible ion electrodeposition of Ag, Cu-Pt, and Cu-Ag currently have disadvantages in terms of durability and toxicity, especially when Pt ions are involved.…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…i Electrochromic device assembled by an m-WO 3-X nanowire working electrode and an ITO glass counter electrode 36 . j Hybrid dynamic windows using reversible metal electrodeposition 42 . k Reaction schematic showing the electrodeposition of Bi in the absence and presence of Cu.…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k Reaction schematic showing the electrodeposition of Bi in the absence and presence of Cu. Green and blue circles represent Bi 3+ and Cu + ions participating here 42 (including electron-withdrawing (Br, Cl) and bulky (2-ethylhexyl) side groups), the HOMO level of the polythiophene structure was adjusted below the Fermi level of the ITO electrode (E F , −4.7 V), thus avoiding spontaneous electron migration between the polymer and the electrode. This is critical to stabilize the polymer state and avoid self-bleaching of its color.…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

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Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

et al. 2021

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“…RED system realizes transparent and reflective mode as selectively formed and removed the reflector. [ 27–36 ] Although RED has potential to be used as the display applications, there are insufficient attempts on show colors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflective‐Type Transparent/Colored Mirror Switchable Device Using Reversible Electrodeposition with Fabry–Perot Interferometer

Sung

Han

Song

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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light condition. Furthermore, low transmittance is another issue to be enhanced. To retain the stability of outdoor visibility, the intensity of illumination is necessarily increased, which lead to eye fatigue and increase power consumption. To ensure the properties of outdoor visibility and high energy efficiency, reflective-type display can be a solution technique. In particular, electrochromic devices based upon the reversible electrodeposition (RED) technology is suitable for transparent display. RED system realizes transparent and reflective mode as selectively formed and removed the reflector. [27-36] Although RED has potential to be used as the display applications, there are insufficient attempts on show colors. In typical display, pigment/dye-based and structural-based color filters have been studied to absorb or emit specific wavelengths. Despite pigment/dye-based color filter has wide viewing angle and high color ratio, it has low chemical stability and imperfect color impurity. [37-39] Whereas, structuralbased color filter such as plasmon resonance [40-43] and Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer [44-51] on the basis of the interaction between nanostructure and incident light provides the merits of spectral selectivity, chemical and thermal stability. These advantages led to obtain multicolor in single RED device by controlling the silver structure for plasmonic resonance. [52-56] However, fine control the metal structure for multicolor is essential, which can affect limitation to reproducibility and stability. On the other hand, there is no case for multicolored RED device with FP interferometer. FP-type color filter generates only the selected light by using the thin-film interference effect of multiple reflected waves from reflector. Therefore, various colors can be tuned by variety of materials and controlled cavity with simple process. In terms of robustness to variation cavity, material that have low refractive index is proper to form the thin films. [46] Moreover, low absorption characteristic in visible range is required to reduce the optical loss. Compared to others, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) has relatively low refractive index and low absorption spectra in visible range. In this paper, we first proposed a new structure for a transparent/colored mirror switchable RED device by integrating the micropixelated ITO (red, green, and blue: RGB) cavities for the FP interferometer. A variable thickness of ITO films and partially reflective Tungsten (W) film were used as Reversible electrodeposition (RED) devices have been considered as the optical transmittance or reflectance switchable display for the reflective display applications. In this study, transparent/colored mirror switchable RED device is demonstrated by integrating the Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-based FP interference effect is utilized for color filter to emit particular wavelength. Color-switchable RED cells are researched using ITO (red, green, and blue (RGB)) films and tungsten (W) films as partially reflective la...

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“…Whilst effective, processing and coating methods for these materials are generally energy intensive. Metal electrodeposition has also been used 9 . As alternatives, organic materials can be used 10,11 , and have many advantages including solution processability, low switching times, color tunability, and high coloration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transparent-to-dark photo- and electrochromic gels

et al. 2018

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Smart windows in which the transmittance can be controlled on demand are a promising solution for the reduction of energy use in buildings. Windows are often the most energy inefficient part of a building, and so controlling the transmittance has the potential to significantly improve heating costs. Whilst numerous approaches exist, many suitable materials are costly to manufacture and process and so new materials could have a significant impact. Here we describe a gel-based device which is both photo-and electrochromic. The gel matrix is formed by the self-assembly of a naphthalene diimide. The radical anion of the naphthalene diimide can be formed photo or electrochemically, and leads to a desirable transition from transparent to black. The speed of response, low potential needed to generate the radical anion, cyclability of the system, temperature stability and low cost mean these devices may be suitable for applications in smart windows.

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Bistable Black Electrochromic Windows Based on the Reversible Metal Electrodeposition of Bi and Cu

Cited by 117 publications

References 19 publications

Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

Reflective‐Type Transparent/Colored Mirror Switchable Device Using Reversible Electrodeposition with Fabry–Perot Interferometer

Transparent-to-dark photo- and electrochromic gels

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