Bit error rate measurements of 14,000 km 5 Gbit/s fibre-amplifier transmission system using circulating loop

Bergano, Neal S.; Aspell, J.; Davidson, Carl; Trischitta, P.R.; Nyman, B.M.; Kerfoot, F.

doi:10.1049/el:19911172

Cited by 57 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The evolution of an optical soliton propagating in a ber with linear loss is governed by the nonlinear Schr odinger (NLS) equation 17{19 @q @Z = i 2 @ 2 q @T 2 + ijqj 2 q ? q: (1) Here T is the physical time divided by the pulse width (full-width at half maximum), q is the eld envelope divided by the peak-eld amplitude E 0 , and Z is the physical distance divided by the dispersion length Z 0 , where E 0 = c n 2 ! 0 1:76 2 (?k 00 );…”

Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fiber lines that employ phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers

et al. 1994

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Recently we have proposed using periodically-spaced, phase sensitive optical parametric ampli ers to balance linear loss in a nonlinear ber-optic communication line Opt. Lett. 18, 803 (1993)]. Here we present a detailed analysis of pulse propagation in such a ber line. Our analysis and numerical simulations show that the length scale over which the pulse evolution occurs is signi cantly increased beyond a soliton period. This is because of the attenuation of phase variations across the pulse's prole by the ampli ers. Analytical evidence is presented which indicates that stable pulse evolution occurs on length scales much longer than the soliton period. This is con rmed through extensive numerical simulation, and the region of stable pulse propagation is found. The average evolution of such pulses is governed by a fourthorder nonlinear di usion equation which describes the exponential decay of arbitrary initial pulses onto stable, steady-state, soliton-like pulses.

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Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fiber lines that employ phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers

et al. 1994

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The latest development is illustrated in Figure1. Since current data processing in optical networks relay on electronics to handle optical packets with the transported data, to cope with these raising data rates the bandwidth of electronics had been steadily increasing and with it the power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards green high capacity optical networks

et al. 2011

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The demand for fast, secure, energy efficient high capacity networks is growing. It is fuelled by transmission bandwidth needs which will support among other things the rapid penetration of multimedia applications empowering smart consumer electronics and E-businesses. All the above trigger unparallel needs for networking solutions which must offer not only high-speed low-cost "on demand" mobile connectivity but should be ecologically friendly and have low carbon footprint. The first answer to address the bandwidth needs was deployment of fibre optic technologies into transport networks. After this it became quickly obvious that the inferior electronic bandwidth (if compared to optical fiber) will further keep its upper hand on maximum implementable serial data rates. A new solution was found by introducing parallelism into data transport in the form of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) which has helped dramatically to improve aggregate throughput of optical networks. However with these advancements a new bottleneck has emerged at fibre endpoints where data routers must process the incoming and outgoing traffic. Here, even with the massive and power hungry electronic parallelism routers today (still relying upon bandwidth limiting electronics) do not offer needed processing speeds networks demands. In this paper we will discuss some novel unconventional approaches to address network scalability leading to energy savings via advance optical signal processing. We will also investigate energy savings based on advanced network management through nodes hibernation proposed for Optical IP networks. The hibernation reduces the network overall power consumption by forming virtual network reconfigurations through selective nodes groupings and by links segmentations and partitionings

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“…A historical perspective showing contributions from various technological leaps and how and when they contributed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] to this advancements is illustrated in Figure 1 all in terms of grows of a bandwidth-distance product, BL over the period covering the modern era of communications; B is a transmission bandwidth per single data channel in bit/s and L is a transmission distance in km, respectively. As illustrated, this progression over the years was accomplished by replacing transmission over various copper technologies by highly advanced fiber optics systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

100 Gigabit Internet why and how: the technology behind it

Glesk

2010

17th Slovak-Czech-Polish Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

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The need to keep transmission capacity growing is a never ending process which is becoming more and more challenging to fulfill. Over the years we have witnessed data rates to grow from less than one bit per second all the way up to tens of Giga bits per second thus leading to the overall aggregate throughputs of several Terra bits per second which can be observed in today's the most advanced optical communications networks. This progression was accomplished by replacing earlier simple copper conductor wires by a twisted pair, then by coaxial cables which later on were superseded by microwave transmission systems. After fundamental discoveries leading to coherent light sourceslasers and fiber optic cables, fiber optics data communication became the prevailing way in data transmission. The combination of fiber optics, optical data multiplexing techniques, and advanced electronic signal processing helped to realize data transmission capabilities which just a few years ago would have been very hardly even to imagine.

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Bit error rate measurements of 14,000 km 5 Gbit/s fibre-amplifier transmission system using circulating loop

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fiber lines that employ phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers

Pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fiber lines that employ phase-sensitive parametric amplifiers

Towards green high capacity optical networks

100 Gigabit Internet why and how: the technology behind it

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