Bitumen Coating on Oil Sands Clay Minerals: A Review

Chen, Qiang; Liu, Qingxia

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00852

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, in oil sands the surface of these clays is partially covered with organic material such as humic acids and asphaltenes, 39,40 resulting in changes in their wettability, specific surface area, charge density, and cation exchange capacity. 41 The differences in reactivity of the clay components, together with the sorption of organic materials to the clays, are important for the formation of the gel-like, 3D structure in the tailings, believed to be responsible for its long-term stability. 41…”

Section: Mftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of ionic liquids for dewatering stable solid/liquid complex slurries

et al. 2021

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Exploitation of mineable oil sands in Canada has thus far produced over 50 km 2 of tailings in ponds where the fine solids remain suspended for years, even decades. These ponds represent a major liability and environmental burden for operating companies, with their dewatering critical to their remediation. In this work, we used the chemistry of the tailing pond constituents to design an ionic liquid (IL) for dewatering the mature fine tailings (MFT), taking advantage of the ability to introduce unique and different functionalities into each ion of the IL. We chose a class of protic ILs whose ions will interact with the solids while rejecting water. As an example, octylammonium oleate can be used to remove more than 70% of the water from MFT. The nature of the ILs makes their use amenable to a variety of large-scale separation techniques allowing engineering versatility in the design of the final process.

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Section: Mftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 The differences in reactivity of the clay components, together with the sorption of organic materials to the clays, are important for the formation of the gel-like, 3D structure in the tailings, believed to be responsible for its long-term stability. 41…”

Section: Mftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of ionic liquids for dewatering stable solid/liquid complex slurries

et al. 2021

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“…During the past few years, organic coatings have been used in various fields . However, current commercial coatings are mainly derived from petroleum-based monomers, such as bitumen resin, phenolic resin, − and bisphenol A, − which not only consume nonrenewable resources but also release a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) . Due to the increasing public awareness of environmental protection, soybean oil (SO) and its derivatives have been used as ideal substitutes for petroleum-based compounds in coating applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Innovative Biobased UV Coating Synthesized from Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate)

Tang

Luo

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) as a biobased curable oligomer with different functionalities and poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) as a biobased unsaturated monomer with polar groups were both synthesized. The chemical structures of POMaC and AESO were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Then POMaC was used to copolymerize with AESO to prepare a series of high biobased content coatings via an ultraviolet (UV) curing process. The thermomechanical properties and coating properties in terms of hardness, adhesion, and water contact angle (WCA) were also investigated. The results show that AESO/POMaC coating has improved thermal stability and improved hardness compared with bare AESO-based coating. Furthermore, the adhesion of AESO/POMaC was markedly improved by 290%. The mechanism of adhesion enhancement was investigated by the combination of experiment and simulation. The decreased water contact angle represents the enhanced surface free energy of AESO/POMaC, and the molecular dynamics simulation results show higher binding energy and more hydrogen bonds of AESO/POMaC with the substrate. These results confirm that the polar groups and high soft-segment content of AESO/POMaC coating could strongly interact with the surface and could provide more adhesion contact area, which is responsible for the increased adhesion under dry and wet conditions. This work illustrates the potential of POMaC, as a renewable alternative component for the development of high-performance AESO-based green coatings in the future.

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“…Fine mineral solids were also reported to be a likely component responsible for the stabilization of water-in-bitumen emulsion [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Furthermore, mixing fine solids with asphaltene or other surface-active species can enhance emulsion stability [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residual organic matter (ROM) associated with oil sands solids following extensive Soxhlet extraction with toluene has been referred to as "toluene-insoluble organic matter (TIOM)" or as "toluene-insoluble organic carbon (TIOC)" when referring specifically to the residual organic carbon [28][29][30][31]. However, in a recent review by Chen and Liu [16], the term "toluene-unextractable organic matter" was suggested instead, to reflect that such ROM cannot be removed by common organic solvent extraction treatment, and some portion of ROM is likely irreversibly adsorbed to the solid particulate surfaces/interfaces within oil sands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Mineralogy of Hydrophilic and Biwettable Sub-2 µm Clay Aggregates in Oil Sands Bitumen Froth

et al. 2020

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A primary concern of commercial mined oil sands operations is the extent to which one can minimize the content of water and solids contaminants in the solvent-diluted bitumen products resulting from the bitumen production processes. During bitumen production, particles of about 2 µm or less may be responsible for the stabilization of water-in-bitumen emulsions that form during aqueous extraction of bitumen and purification of bitumen froth subsequently during the froth treatment processes, thus leading to the presence of those contaminants in solvent-diluted bitumen products. In this study, we separate and analyze sub-2 µm clay solids isolated from typical bitumen froth fed to a froth treatment plant at a commercial mined oil sands operation. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with spatially-resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) demonstrate key differences in morphology and composition between sub-2 µm clay aggregates with two distinct wettability characteristics: hydrophilic vs. biwettable particle surfaces. In particular, clay platelets with <200 nm lateral dimensions and thicknesses of a few atomic layers, which are intermixed within coarser sub-2 µm clay aggregates, are found to confer clear differences in morphological characteristics and wettability behaviors to the sub-2 µm clay aggregates. The <200 nm clay platelets found within sub-2 µm biwettable clays tend to arrange themselves with random orientations, whereas <200 nm clay platelets within sub-2 µm hydrophilic clays typically form well-ordered face-to-face stacks. Moreover, in biwettable sub-2 µm clay aggregates, <200 nm clay platelets often cover the surfaces of ~1–2 µm sized mineral particles, whereas similarly sized mineral particles in hydrophilic sub-2 µm clay aggregates, in contrast, generally have exposed surfaces without clay platelet coverage. These biwettable vs. hydrophilic behaviors are attributed to a difference in the surface characteristics of the <200 nm clay platelets caused by toluene-unextractable organic carbon coatings. Nanometer-scale carbon mapping reveals an inhomogeneous toluene-unextractable organic carbon coating on the surfaces of <200 nm platelets in biwettable clays. In contrast, hydrophilic clays have a significantly lower amount of toluene-unextractable organic carbon, which tends to be concentrated at steps or near metal oxide nanoparticles on clay particle surfaces. Mixing surface-active organic species, such as asphaltene, resin, or carboxylic organic acids of various types with inorganic solids can lead to a dramatically enhanced emulsion stability. Consequently, understanding the origin and characteristics of sub-2 µm clay solids in bitumen froth is important to (i) clarify their potential role in the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions during bitumen production and (ii) improve froth treatment process performance to further reduce contaminant solids in solvent-diluted bitumen products. We discuss the implications of our results from these two perspectives.

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Bitumen Coating on Oil Sands Clay Minerals: A Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 75 publications

Design of ionic liquids for dewatering stable solid/liquid complex slurries

Design of ionic liquids for dewatering stable solid/liquid complex slurries

Development of an Innovative Biobased UV Coating Synthesized from Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate)

Structure and Mineralogy of Hydrophilic and Biwettable Sub-2 µm Clay Aggregates in Oil Sands Bitumen Froth

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