Bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Antibody Responses to Omicron Variants Suggest That Responses to Divergent Variants Would Be Improved With Matched Vaccine Antigens

Wang, Wei; Goguet, Emilie; Padilla, Stephanie Paz; Vassell, Russell; Pollett, Simon; Mitre, Edward; Weiss, Carol D.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad111

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…All data of V3 sera, except neutralizations against the stains of XBB-lineages, were reported previously 26 . Neutralization titers against D614G, BA.4/BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB1.5 in the sera panels of V4+Bi, V3+Bi, V3+PVI and V4 were reported previously 29 . XBB.1.5 booster group* includes: six individuals without reported PVIs; three individuals with presumed BA.1 PVIs; four individuals with presumed BA.5 PVIs after three doses of the ancestral COVID-19 vaccine; and three individuals with presumed XBB PVIs after the bivalent booster.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Dots indicate results from individual participants, and bars indicate GMT with 95% confidence interval. Neutralization titers against D614G, BA.4/BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1.5 in the sera of V3+PVI, V4, V3+Bi and V4+Bi were reported previously 29 .…”

Section: Supplemental Informationsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…We next investigated neutralization breadth in sera from persons who had one of the following multiple antigenic exposures (Fig. 4A): 1) three doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (V3) 26 ; 2) three doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and a post-vaccination infection (PVI) during BA.1 outbreak (V3+PVI); 3) four doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (V4); 4) three doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and one dose of the bivalent (ancestral+BA.5) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (V3+Bi); 5) four doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and one bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (V4+Bi) 29 ; and 6) three or four doses of the ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, with or without a PVI before or after one bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine followed by one XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine (V3 or V4+bivalent+XBB.1.5 with or without PVI, referred to as XBB.1.5 booster group*). In the XBB.1.5 booster group*, six individuals had no reported PVI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information for the serum samples is provided in Table S2. Post-vaccination sera representing different antigenic exposures were left over from our previous studies 26,29 and came from persons enrolled in the Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion (PASS) study 65 . Sera from individuals who received 3 ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (V3, n=39) were collected at a median of 43 days after final vaccination dose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera

Wang,

Bhushan,

Paz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Supplemental Informationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera

Wang,

Bhushan,

Paz

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Comparing neutralization data obtained against the vaccine components and other variants, different reports, including our previous study on PWH, demonstrated decreased response against BQ.1.1 and more importantly against XBB sublineages 16,19–21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID‐19 booster dose in persons with HIV

Matusali,

Vergori,

Cimini

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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We estimated the dynamics of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages and T cell response in persons with HIV (PWH) with previous AIDS and/or CD4 < 200/mm3 receiving the bivalent original strain/BA.4‐5 booster dose in fall 2022. Samples were collected before the shot (Day 0), 15 days, 3, and 6 months after. PWH were stratified by immunization status: hybrid immunity (HI; vaccination plus COVID‐19) versus nonhybrid immunity (nHI; vaccination only). Fifteen days after the booster, 16% and 30% of PWH were nonresponders in terms of anti‐XBB.1.16 or anti‐EG.5.1 nAbs, respectively. Three months after, a significant waning of anti‐XBB.1.16, EG.5.1 and ‐XBB.1 nAbs was observed both in HI and nHI but nAbs in HI were higher than in nHI. Six months after both HI and nHI individuals displayed low mean levels of anti‐XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 nAbs. Regarding T cell response, IFN‐γ values were stable over time and similar in HI and nHI. Our data showed that in PWH, during the prevalent circulation of the XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and other XBB sublineages, a mRNA bivalent vaccine might not confer broad protection against them. With a view to the 2023/2024 vaccination campaign, the use of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine should be urgently warranted in PWH to provide adequate protection.

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Neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants after COVID‐19 booster‐vaccination and infection

Springer,

Camp,

Aberle

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron lineages continue to emerge and evolve into new sublineages, causing infection waves throughout 2022 and 2023, which has been attributed to immune escape. We examined neutralizing antibody responses to the recently emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 JN.1 variant in comparison to ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 variants. We tested 79 human sera from cohorts with different combinations of vaccinations and infections, including 23 individuals who had been repeatedly exposed to Omicron. Individuals with a monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine booster or XBB.1.5 breakthrough infection had robust antibody levels against all variants tested; however, JN.1 evaded antibodies in individuals after single Omicron BA.1, BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infections. Moreover, in the non‐vaccinated cohort, serum antibodies demonstrated almost no cross‐neutralization activities against D614G, XBB.1.5 and JN.1. after infections with earlier Omicron variants. These findings show that SARS‐CoV‐2‐immunity is heterogeneous, depending on different combinations of vaccinations and infections, and emphasize the importance of considering different immune‐backgrounds when evaluating novel variants.

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Bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Antibody Responses to Omicron Variants Suggest That Responses to Divergent Variants Would Be Improved With Matched Vaccine Antigens

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera

Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera

Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID‐19 booster dose in persons with HIV

Neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants after COVID‐19 booster‐vaccination and infection

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