Bivalve Molluscs

Lucas, John

doi:10.1002/9781118687932.ch23

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Molluscs are cultured in a variety of ways which differ in terms of location, production costs, feeding and exposure of the molluscs to water movement and air (Appleford et al 2012, Castell 2012, Lucas 2012. In on-shore systems, animals may be grown in baskets, cages or bags suspended in outdoor raceways, ponds or dams, or indoor tanks; water is usually pumped in from the sea, through the farm and back to sea, while the molluscs are usually constantly submerged (Appleford et al 2012).…”

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, cultured molluscs are often associated with infestations by disease agents and fouling organisms (e.g. Bower et al 1994, Wolff & Reise 2002, McKindsey et al 2007, Haydar & Wolff 2011, Castell 2012, Lucas 2012. This, together with the extensive movement of molluscs, particularly of oysters, has led to aquaculture being considered one of the main vectors of transport of exotic species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregenzer 1983, Ruesink et al 2005, McKindsey et al 2007, Lucas 2012. This is particularly important when the molluscs are cultured in environments where they are creating hard substrates where none existed before, such as in muddy or soft-sediment environments and suspended culture (Ruesink et al 2005, McKindsey et al 2007), thus providing settlement substrates for larvae that might have been otherwise lost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continued demand for oysters and other molluscs has led to the overexploitation of natural stocks and consequent attempts to replenish depleted stocks with animals imported from elsewhere and the establishment of culture systems (e.g. Wolff & Reise 2002, Ruesink et al 2005, Og burn et al 2007, Haydar & Wolff 2011, Castell 2012, Lucas 2012. In Japan, China and Korea the culture of molluscs began about 500 yr ago (Kusuki 1991 in Ruesink et al 2005) while in Europe and North America it started in earnest in the 1700s and 1800s (Wolff & Reise 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the South African oyster industry relies on the regular importation of spat from the Americas and Europe and the local movement of stock from nursery to grow-out facilities (Haupt et al 2010(Haupt et al , 2012. Up to 18 oyster species have been translocated to 73 countries or regions, with the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, translocated to more than 50 (Ruesink et al 2005, Lucas 2012). Gastropods are moved less frequently and there is a tendency for indigenous species to be cultured (Castell 2012, but see Culver et al 1997 andMoreno et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Species of the Polydora-complex (i.e. polydorids) are the most common shell-boring polychaetes found on cultured molluscs. However, which species become problematic depend on their ability to reach mollusc farms and flourish under culture conditions. We therefore hypothesise that the planktonic larval phases of pest polydorids on molluscs grown on-shore will be short (as is typical of adelphophagic larvae, which can maintain large local populations) while those of polydorids on molluscs grown off-shore will be long (as is typical of planktotrophic larvae, which can disperse long distances to farms). Principal component and discriminant analyses of information extracted from the literature partly supported this hypothesis by identifying larval developmental mode and pest species as contributing more to pest status than host species and culture mode, with differential influence on pest status in different situations and potential bias through incorrect identification of polydorid species. χ 2 analyses confirmed that pest status depended on host culture method and pest larval mode. Pest polydorids producing adelphophagic larvae in on-shore systems may reflect the development of large local populations on hosts with culture periods > 2 yr. The many records of pests in off-shore and near-shore systems with pest species producing planktotrophic larvae may reflect shorter host culture periods and the higher incidence of planktotrophy among polydorid species in general. Polydora websteri, P. uncinata, P. hoplura and P. haswelli are the most frequently recorded and widespread pest species globally, although the taxonomy of these and shell-boring P. ciliata and Boccardia polybranchia need to be clarified. The positive relationships between the numbers of alien shell-borers and pests, and the number of hosts cultured per country confirm that mollusc aquaculture is an important vector and reservoir of alien pest polychaetes.

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Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Simon¹,

Sato-Okoshi²

2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Integrated multitrophic polycultures

Kültz

2022

A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture

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Integrated multitrophic polycultures represent an ecologically more sustainable form of aquaculture than monocultures; their economic feasibility relies on proper incentivization by policy makers. Polyculture, combined with a shift to culturing omnivores and herbivores instead of carnivores, reduces the unsustainable use of fish meal and fish oil by commercial aquaculture. The ecological value of any polyculture is proportional to the diversity of feeding niches occupied by the cultured species. The most ecologically sustainable form of polyculture combines all primary trophic levels (primary producers, consumers, decomposers) at appropriate ratios in a fully closed system. Decomposers represent critical links for polyculture systems. They fulfil an essential role in nutrient cycles and are cultured in biofilters and artificial reefs as ATS, periphyton, and bioflocs. Research on biochemical capacities of bacterial decomposer communities affords new opportunities for wastewater treatment. Polyculture systems can be coupled or decoupled, and although coupled systems have some advantages, decoupled systems appear more promising for future development of sustainable aquaculture. Aquaculture integration is not limited to polycultures of aquatic organisms but should also be pursued to link aquaculture and alternative uses of water, including drinking, sanitarian, recreational, conservation, industrial, and agricultural uses. Integration of aquaculture and agriculture (IAA) is practised in two forms: 1) wastewater produced by aquaculture is utilized for irrigation of crops and orchards; 2) animal manure produced by agriculture is used to fertilize semi-intensive aquaculture ponds.

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Mollusc aquaculture

Kültz

2022

A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture

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Mollusc aquaculture accounts for 22% of animal aquaculture and 60% of animal mariculture. Most aquaculture molluscs are bivalves, although some are gastropods, notably abalone. Bivalves develop via the trochophore, veliger, and pediveliger larval stages. After attachment, the pediveliger metamorphoses into spat. Mollusc aquaculture is divided into two major phases: 1) spat collection and juvenile development and 2) grow-out. Often the first phase is performed in intensive hatcheries while grow-out is by extensive mariculture. Extensive grow-out methods are on-bottom culture, off-bottom culture on poles or racks, and suspension culture using anchored rafts or long horizontal lines. Oysters dominate mollusc aquaculture production, and the Japanese cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is the species with the highest seafood yield. Aquaculture mussels are represented by marine species of the genera Mytilus and Perna. Unlike oysters and mussels, clams prefer soft sediment substrate into which they can burrow. The Japanese carpet shell (Venerupis philippinarum) is a clam and represents the second- most produced aquaculture species of mollusc. Commercial aquaculture also produces several species of scallops, which are free-living bivalves. Commercially important pearl mussels include the freshwater triangle shell (Hyriopsis cumingii) while most marine pearl oysters belong to the genus Pinctada. Abalone are aquaculture gastropods produced for restocking declining natural populations, to process their large foot muscle as seafood, and to make jewellery. Aquaculture bivalves are filter feeders and considered extractive species. However, they are heterotrophs that generate organic waste and mollusc aquaculture approaches differ widely in their ecological sustainability.

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Bivalve Molluscs

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success

Integrated multitrophic polycultures

Mollusc aquaculture

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