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Spatial Patterns of Bryozoan Fauna Biodiversity and Issues of Biogeographic Regionalization of the Chukchi Sea

“…During the thermal maxima in the Holocene, heat output of water temperatures was lower than at present, which caused penetration of Pacific waters, and Pacific boreal and boreo-Arctic species with them, far into the northwest up to the Laptev Sea. Also, Arctic fauna occupied the Chukchi Sea after the glaciers receded and with increasing sea level resulting from melting periods before thermal maxima Dunton, 1992;Petryashov, 2002Petryashov, , 2009). At present, atmosphere-ocean interactions and current flow directly influence the spreading of Arctic species south and boreal species north into the Chukchi Sea.…”