“…However, the existence of a week shoulder, v * 1 , around the v 1 band in the range 629-620 cm −1 indicating the presence of zinc ion. In other words, the bands v * 1 and v 3 correspond to divalent ion as well as oxygen and thermal vibration, respectively [30]. In addition, the threshold frequency, vth, for electronic transition has a value in the range of 795-810 cm −1 for different samples.…”