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Structural evolution of ferromagnetic 3He multilayers adsorbed on exfoliated graphite

“…Exchange variation with coverage is a characteristic feature of two-dimensional multilayered system of nuclear magnet 3 He deposited on planar graphite [1]. The first atomic layer strongly coupled with carbon substrate is paramagnetic.…”

“…At present, it is generally agreed that namely nuclear spins of second layer solid are responsible for magnetic properties of 3 He multilayered system on graphite [3,4]. The thermodynamics of 2D 3 He in millikelvin region is completely determined by exchange processes in the subsystem of nuclear spins because at such ultralow temperature the lattice excitations in the helium system with direct interatomic van der Waals interaction of order a few Kelvins are practically frozen.…”

“…As a result, the second solid 3 He monolayer on graphite provides an excellent example of a nearly perfect 1/2-spin nuclear magnet on a triangular lattice. At dense coverages, in ferromagnetic regime, Heisenberg ferromagnetic (HFM) model is quite appropriate to describe magnetic properties of the 2D 3 He.…”

“…At dense coverages, in ferromagnetic regime, Heisenberg ferromagnetic (HFM) model is quite appropriate to describe magnetic properties of the 2D 3 He. In our previous papers [5,6] we develop the theoretical description of the HFM in an external magnetic field with the aim to interpret experimentally observed magnetic properties of ferromagnetic 3 He monolayers on graphite.…”

“…In our previous papers [5,6] we develop the theoretical description of the HFM in an external magnetic field with the aim to interpret experimentally observed magnetic properties of ferromagnetic 3 He monolayers on graphite. In this paper we apply the obtained results to clarify the mechanism of exchange evolution with total coverage in multilayered 2D 3 He system. MM is the saturation magnetization).…”