“…Dark soliton dynamics, stability, interactions, phase dynamics, ultra-short dark soliton, vector dark solitons, their tunnelling effects etc in nonlinear lossless and lossy mediums are theoretically explored. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Relevant studies on the dark-bright vector soliton in fibre ring lasers [66], robust dark topological valley Hall edge soliton [67], dark soliton families in quintic nonlinear lattices [68], and dark gap solitons in nonlinear media with fourth-order dispersion [25,69] are reported recently. The dark gap soliton in Bose-Einstein codensates trapped by optical lattices is predicted both in defocusing cubic [70] and quintic [71] nonlinearity.…”