2020
DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15922.2
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Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data

Abstract: Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation… Show more

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Cited by 304 publications
(222 citation statements)
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“…Emerging scientific evidence from international (Kirby, 2020) and UK (Aldridge et al, 2020) COVID-19 patient reports and death records, indicate a disproportionate effect of influenza can lead to a rapid progression of the infection in humans (Wang et al, 2014) and the same observation is also apparent in COVID-19 severe and deadly cases (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al, 2020;Blanco-Melo et al, 2020). Moreover, IFITM3 was found to be explicitly upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (Blanco-Melo et al, 2020;Hachim et al, 2020;He et al, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 89%
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“…Emerging scientific evidence from international (Kirby, 2020) and UK (Aldridge et al, 2020) COVID-19 patient reports and death records, indicate a disproportionate effect of influenza can lead to a rapid progression of the infection in humans (Wang et al, 2014) and the same observation is also apparent in COVID-19 severe and deadly cases (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al, 2020;Blanco-Melo et al, 2020). Moreover, IFITM3 was found to be explicitly upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (Blanco-Melo et al, 2020;Hachim et al, 2020;He et al, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…The Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) of ethnic groups in England, adjusted for age and region, were adopted from the study by Aldridge et al (2020) in the exact form in which they were presented. Specific dataset details, including age, region and ethnicity information, are available at the repository address of the respective publication (https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10096589).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies with geographical regions [1]. In addition, different ethnicities have been differently affected by this disease, independent of geographic regions [2]. South Asia, one of the most densely populated regions of the world where nearly a quarter of the humanity live, is facing extraordinary challenges in dealing with this pandemic [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%