Black carbon transport between Santiago de Chile and glaciers in the Andes Mountains

Gramsch, E.; Muñoz, Arsenio; Langner, Joakim; Morales, Luis; Soto, Cristian; Pérez, Patricio; Rubio, Marı́a A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117546

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This also explains why local sources (clusters 4, 7, and 8) increase their contributions during the fall and winter. This topography-induced effect has been reported before for total ambient PM concentrations [89] and, more recently, in the simulation of black carbon transport from Santiago toward the Andes mountains east [87].…”

Section: Results For Santiagosupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This rise is followed by a decline of contributions later in the evening. This daylight behavior of anabatic winds and pollution transport toward the east side of the city has been recently measured and modeled for black carbon particles in Santiago [ 87 ]. Cluster 7 is the only one that does not decrease over weekends, unlike the other clusters shown in Figure 14 , which decrease over weekends.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combining Cluster Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Data with Receptor Model Results for Ambient PM2.5 and PM10

Jorquera

Villalobos²

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution regulation requires knowing major sources on any given zone, setting specific controls, and assessing how health risks evolve in response to those controls. Receptor models (RM) can identify major sources: transport, industry, residential, etc. However, RM results are typically available for short term periods, and there is a paucity of RM results for developing countries. We propose to combine a cluster analysis (CA) of air pollution and meteorological measurements with a short-term RM analysis to estimate a long-term, hourly source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 and PM10. We have developed a proof of the concept for this proposed methodology in three case studies: a large metropolitan zone, a city with dominant residential wood burning (RWB) emissions, and a city in the middle of a desert region. We have found it feasible to identify the major sources in the CA results and obtain hourly time series of their contributions, effectively extending short-term RM results to the whole ambient monitoring period. This methodology adds value to existing ambient data. The hourly time series results would allow researchers to apportion health benefits associated with specific air pollution regulations, estimate source-specific trends, improve emission inventories, and conduct environmental justice studies, among several potential applications.

show abstract

Section: Results For Santiagosupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Cluster Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Data with Receptor Model Results for Ambient PM2.5 and PM10

Jorquera

Villalobos²

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the urban lands are concentrated in Central Chile 26 , while the intensive use of coal and biomass fuels in the southern regions is responsible for the high levels of atmospheric contamination found in these regions 27 , 28 . Snow in Central Chile is vulnerable to a combination of urban and mining pollution sources, as recently found for black carbon in the Andes Mountains near Santiago 29 . The near-surface westerly airflow (ranging from northwesterly to southwesterly) 23 should transport the gaseous and particulate contaminants from industrial areas and urban settlements, located at the Coastal Range and Central Valley, to Andes Mountains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Climate change also influences snow stocks in central Chilean Andes, which is evidenced by a snow albedo reduction during the 2010–2020 “Mega Drought” period 69 . Moreover, the combined effect of the distribution of black carbon and atmospheric aerosols, measured as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), are associated with the snow albedo decrease along the north and central Andes range 29 , 70 . Thus, independent from the source, an albedo reduction should increase as the load of particulate matter containing potentially toxic elements increase in the snow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The near-surface westerly airflow (ranging from northwesterly to southwesterly) 23 should transport the gaseous and particulate contaminants from industrial areas and urban settlements, located at the Coastal Range and Central Valley, to Andes Mountains. However, seasonal variation in winds in Central Chile may cause seasonal patterns in pollutant transport 29 . Previous studies have assessed elements in mountain snow in Central Chile resulting from urban atmospheric emissions 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes

Pìzarro

Vergara

Cerda

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 μm and 10 μm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.

show abstract

Temporal evolution and source apportionment of BC aerosols during autumn in the grassland of Ordos, China

Li,

Zhang,

Duan

et al. 2024

Meteorological Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Meteorological conditions and source emissions in grassland areas are quite different from those in urban areas, which significantly impacts the spatiotemporal characteristics of black carbon (BC). To obtain the characteristics of BC in the typical grassland environment in China, continuous observations of BC were carried out in Etuoke Banner, a typical grassland environment in Ordos, from September 8 to December 1, 2022. BC in Etuoke Banner in autumn is 22.4–4667.5 ng m−3, and the average concentration is 456.6 ng m−3, accounting for 2.20% of the mass fraction of PM2.5. BCliquid (BC generated from the combustion of liquid fuels) is the main component of BC (accounting for 79.2%); the average concentration is 361.7 ng m−3. The diurnal variations of BC, BCliquid, and BCsolid (BC generated from the combustion of solid fuels) are bimodal, with peaks at 08:00 and 18:00. The first peak is mainly related to traffic sources, cooking sources, and incomplete combustion of carbon‐containing substances; the second peak may be caused by emissions from residential cooking sources under the influence of meteorological conditions unfavorable to diffusion. The diurnal variation of absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) is unimodal, with the peak at 14:00. With the increase in BC mass concentration, AAE and visibility gradually decreased, wind speed first decreased and then increased, P and RH gradually increased, and the contribution of biomass combustion sources to BC decreased. In contrast, the contribution of traffic sources to BC increased. The evolution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants differed with the increase in BC concentration. The potential sources and affecting areas of BC and PM2.5 are mainly concentrated around Etuoke Banner and can affect the North China Plain after 48 h of transmission.

show abstract

Black carbon transport between Santiago de Chile and glaciers in the Andes Mountains

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Combining Cluster Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Data with Receptor Model Results for Ambient PM2.5 and PM10

Combining Cluster Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Data with Receptor Model Results for Ambient PM2.5 and PM10

Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes

Temporal evolution and source apportionment of BC aerosols during autumn in the grassland of Ordos, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About