Black Gill in Marine Decapod Crustaceans: A Review

Frischer, Marc E.; Landers, Stephen C.; Walker, Anna N.; Powell, Shirley; Lee, Richard F.

doi:10.1080/23308249.2022.2047153

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…It has been reported that some ciliates such as Synophrya sp. could infect the gills of its crustacean host and cause mortality at certain life-cycle stages, which is generally attributed to poor gas exchange across the gills [25,26]. In this study, the damage to the gill tissue caused by the accumulation of a large number of Mesanophrys sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dynamic Distribution of Mesanophrys sp. and Tissue Enzyme Activities in Experimentally Infected Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

Zhang

et al. 2023

Fishes

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Mesanophrys sp. is reported to be highly pathogenic to marine crustaceans. This study presents the first report of Mesanophrys sp. infection in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). In this study, we first recorded the survival rates of an experimentally infected group and a control group; the cumulative survival rate in the infected group was significantly lower compared to the control group after 72 h (73.20% vs. 94.19%), while the highest mortality of S. paramamosain occurred within the first 24 h post-infection. Then, we investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the Mesanophrys sp. in the infected S. paramamosain by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The result showed that a significant increase in the number of Mesanophrys sp. could be detected in all tested tissues (obtained from the eyestalks, gills, heart, nerves, muscles and hepatopancreas) at 3 h post-infection. The numbers of Mesanophrys sp. in the gill, eyestalk and nerve tissues were relatively higher than in the other tissues. The gill tissue showed the highest numbers from 6 to 48 h. Histopathological observation found a severe collapse in the filament structure, which indicated tissue-specific pathogen infection. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in three representative tissues (gill, muscle and hepatopancreas) were compared between the infected and control groups, and a significant increase in enzyme activity was observed in all three tested tissues in the infected group, indicating a relatively strong innate immune defense reaction that could have been induced by Mesanophrys sp. infection. These results will be helpful to Mesanophrys sp. pathogenicity-related research and the control of this pathogen in S. Paramamosain in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dynamic Distribution of Mesanophrys sp. and Tissue Enzyme Activities in Experimentally Infected Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

Zhang

et al. 2023

Fishes

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“…Among these biotic changes is the increased prevalence of a condition known as black gill (Fowler et al ., 2018 ; Swinford and Anderson, 2021 ; Tuckey et al ., 2021 ). This condition refers to the melanization of gill tissues that occurs as part of an immune response against irritants or pathogens (Vaseeharan and Ramasamy, 2003 ; Johnson et al ., 2011 ; Burnett and Burnett, 2015 ; Karthikeyan et al ., 2015 ; Frischer et al ., 2022 ). Black gill in wild-caught penaeid shrimp has been associated with the presence of the apostome ciliate Hyalophysa lynni (see Landers et al ., 2020 ), but also occurs in response to heavy metals (Ghate, 1984 ), bacteria (Vaseeharan and Ramasamy, 2003 ) and fungi (Karthikeyan et al ., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic and spatial variability in parasite communities of white shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

et al. 2022

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Understanding the combined effects of multi-parasite infections on their hosts is necessary for documenting parasite impacts and is particularly important for developing effective management strategies for economically important organisms. The white shrimp Penaeus setiferus supports important recreational and commercial fisheries along the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the United States and occupies an important ecological niche in estuarine and offshore habitats throughout these regions. The goal of this study was to identify and assess ontogenetic and spatial variation in white shrimp parasite communities and their relation to shrimp health. We used a series of trawl surveys in tidal creek and open water habitats of an estuary in the southeastern USA to collect and identify parasites of white shrimp using morphological and DNA sequencing techniques. Parasite communities in white shrimp were composed of organisms belonging to 6 classes: Conoidasida (gregarines), Oligohymenophorea (apostome and sessilid ciliates), Microsporea (meiodihaplophasids), Chromadorea (rhabditids), Cestoda (cyclophyllideans, lecanocephalideans and trypanorhynchs) and Trematoda (plagiorchiids). Parasite communities differed significantly among white shrimp life stages and localities. Furthermore, the health condition known as black gill occurred in some shrimp and was significantly related to parasite community structure. Infection metrics for the apostome ciliate Hyalophysa lynni, the trypanorhynch larvae Prochristianella sp. and the rhabditid larvae Hysterothylacium sp. were significantly different between shrimp exhibiting and not exhibiting black gill. These results highlight the importance of understanding parasite communities and the potential interactive effects of multiple parasite infections on shrimp health.

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In vitro and in vivo antifungal and immune stimulant activities of oregano and orange peel essential oils on Fusarium solani infection in whiteleg shrimp

et al. 2023

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Black Gill in Marine Decapod Crustaceans: A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Dynamic Distribution of Mesanophrys sp. and Tissue Enzyme Activities in Experimentally Infected Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

Dynamic Distribution of Mesanophrys sp. and Tissue Enzyme Activities in Experimentally Infected Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

Ontogenetic and spatial variability in parasite communities of white shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

In vitro and in vivo antifungal and immune stimulant activities of oregano and orange peel essential oils on Fusarium solani infection in whiteleg shrimp

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