Black hole–galaxy scaling relations in FIRE: the importance of black hole location and mergers

Çatmabacak, Onur; Feldmann, Robert; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Hopkins, Philip F.; Kereš, Dušan

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac040

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…BH seeding and dynamics also likely play a role: BH seeds with small initial mass have a hard time sinking to the centre of their host galaxies, being off of the gas reservoir they would not be in the ideal position to accrete gas efficiently (e.g. Angl és-Alc ázar et al 2017b ; Pfister et al 2019 ;C ¸atmabacak et al 2022 ;Ma et al 2021 ). Some models based only on BH mergers (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST

Habouzit

Onoue

Bañados

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The James Webb Space Telescope will have the power to characterize high-redshift quasars at z ≥ 6 with an unprecedented depth and spatial resolution. While the brightest quasars at such redshift (i.e. with bolometric luminosity $L_{\rm bol}\geqslant 10^{46}\, \rm erg/s$) provide us with key information on the most extreme objects in the Universe, measuring the black hole (BH) mass and Eddington ratios of fainter quasars with $L_{\rm bol}= 10^{45}-10^{46}\, \rm erg/s$ opens a path to understand the build-up of more normal BHs at z ≥ 6. In this paper, we show that the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA large-scale cosmological simulations do not agree on whether BHs at z ≥ 4 are overmassive or undermassive at fixed galaxy stellar mass with respect to the MBH − M⋆ scaling relation at z = 0 (BH mass offsets). Our conclusions are unchanged when using the local scaling relation produced by each simulation or empirical relations. We find that the BH mass offsets of the simulated faint quasar population at z ≥ 4, unlike those of bright quasars, represent the BH mass offsets of the entire BH population, for all the simulations. Thus, a population of faint quasars with $L_{\rm bol}= 10^{45}-10^{46}\, \rm erg/s$ observed by JWST can provide key constraints on the assembly of BHs at high redshift. Moreover, this will help constraining the high-redshift regime of cosmological simulations, including BH seeding, early growth, and co-evolution with the host galaxies. Our results also motivate the need for simulations of larger cosmological volumes down to z ∼ 6, with the same diversity of sub-grid physics, in order to gain statistics on the most extreme objects at high redshift.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST

Habouzit

Onoue

Bañados

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…This estimate is lower than the SMBH mass obtained from MOSFiT modeling (M BH ∼ 10 8 ). It should be noted that Bentz & Manne-Nicholas (2018) used a sample of low-redshift (0.01 < z < 0.3) disk galaxies to find the scaling relations and that these relations are likely to evolve with nonnegligible scatter at higher redshifts, possibly due to additional stellar feedback mechanisms leading to the growth of the SMBH (Delvecchio et al 2019;Çatmabacak et al 2022).…”

Section: Host Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scary Barbie: An Extremely Energetic, Long-duration Tidal Disruption Event Candidate without a Detected Host Galaxy at z = 0.995

Subrayan

Milisavljevic

Chornock

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We report multiwavelength observations and characterization of the ultraluminous transient AT 2021lwx (ZTF20abrbeie; aka “Barbie”) identified in the alert stream of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) using a Recommender Engine For Intelligent Transient Tracking filter on the ANTARES alert broker. From a spectroscopically measured redshift of 0.995, we estimate a peak-observed pseudo-bolometric luminosity of log( L max / [ erg s − 1 ] ) = 45.7 from slowly fading ztf-g and ztf-r light curves spanning over 1000 observer-frame days. The host galaxy is not detected in archival Pan-STARRS observations (g > 23.3 mag), implying a lower limit to the outburst amplitude of more than 5 mag relative to the quiescent host galaxy. Optical spectra exhibit strong emission lines with narrow cores from the H Balmer series and ultraviolet semi-forbidden lines of Si iii] λ1892, C iii] λ1909, and C ii] λ2325. Typical nebular lines in Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) spectra from ions such as [O ii] and [O iii] are not detected. These spectral features, along with the smooth light curve that is unlike most AGN flaring activity and the luminosity that exceeds any observed or theorized supernova, lead us to conclude that AT 2021lwx is most likely an extreme tidal disruption event (TDE). Modeling of ZTF photometry with MOSFiT suggests that the TDE was between a ≈14M ⊙ star and a supermassive black hole of mass M BH ∼ 108 M ⊙. Continued monitoring of the still-evolving light curve along with deep imaging of the field once AT 2021lwx has faded can test this hypothesis and potentially detect the host galaxy.

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“…The FIRE-2 simulations with BHs introduced in Anglés-Alcázar et al (2017b) modelled supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth following a gravitational torque-accretion model (Hopkins et al 2011;Anglés-Alcázar et al 2013, 2017a and did not include AGN feedback (see also Çatmabacak et al 2022;Byrne et al 2023). For simplicity, in the numerical experiments presented here we assume a constant accretion rate.…”

Section: Modelling An Accreting Black Holementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of AGN-driven winds on physical and observable galaxy sizes

Cochrane¹,

Anglés-Alcázar²,

J.³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Previous studies of the sizes and central densities of simulated massive, star-forming galaxies have shown that, without AGN feedback, they become too compact relative to observed galaxies at 𝑧 2. In this paper, we perform high-resolution re-simulations of a massive (𝑀 ★ ∼ 10 11 M ) galaxy at 𝑧 ≈ 2, drawn from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. In the fiducial simulation, which does not include AGN feedback, the galaxy experiences a rapid starburst and shrinking of its half-mass radius at 𝑧 ≈ 2.3. In this paper, we experiment with driving mechanical AGN winds at specified, constant rates, using a state-of-the-art hyper-Lagrangian refinement technique to increase particle resolution. These winds reduce the gas surface density in the inner regions of the galaxy, suppressing the very compact starburst and maintaining a half-mass radius that is approximately constant with time. We run radiative transfer calculations to study the observable impact of AGN feedback on multi-wavelength continuum emission and find notable differences between the simulations with and without winds, in both the magnitude and spatial extent of observable short and long-wavelength flux. When AGN winds are included, the suppression of the compact, dusty starburst results in lowered flux at FIR wavelengths (due to decreased star formation) but increased flux at optical-to-near-IR wavelengths (due to decreased dust attenuation, in spite of the lowered star formation rate), relative to the case without AGN winds. The FIR half-light radius decreases from ∼ 1 kpc to ∼ 0.1 kpc in < 40 Myr when AGN winds are not included, but increases to ∼ 2 kpc when they are. The impact of AGN-driven winds at shorter wavelengths is less intuitive, with half-light radii of optical-NIR emission remaining approximately constant over 𝑡 = 35 Myr, for simulations with and without AGN winds. In the case without winds, this occurs despite the rapid compaction, and is due to heavy dust obscuration in the inner regions of the galaxy. This work highlights the importance of forward-modelling when comparing simulated and observed galaxy populations.

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Black hole–galaxy scaling relations in FIRE: the importance of black hole location and mergers

Cited by 17 publications

References 193 publications

Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST

Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST

Scary Barbie: An Extremely Energetic, Long-duration Tidal Disruption Event Candidate without a Detected Host Galaxy at z = 0.995

The impact of AGN-driven winds on physical and observable galaxy sizes

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