Black Hole Leftovers: The Remnant Population from Binary Black Hole Mergers

Doctor, Zoheyr; Farr, Ben; Holz, Daniel E.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.04001

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our estimates can be compared with those in Doctor et al ( 2021 4% and 40% for clusters with escape speeds of 50 km/s and 250 km/s. This broadly agrees with our numbers, though the retention probability in Doctor et al (2021) is quantified using the hyperparameters that describe the GWTC-2 population.…”

Section: Characterizing Clusters Via Their Retention Of Bh Merger Rem...supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Note that binaries containing higher-spinning BHs typically experience larger kicks as compared to binaries with low-spin BHs, and can thus be more easily ejected from clusters. Doctor et al (2021) mapped the properties of GWTC-2 BH remnants to the statistical properties of remnant BHs in our universe. They obtained the distribution of kick velocities of GWTC-2 events using NR surrogate waveform models (Varma et al 2019b,a) and found that globular clusters and nuclear clusters can retain ∼ 4% and 45% of the remnants, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remnant Black Hole Kicks and Implications for Hierarchical Mergers

Mahapatra,

Gupta,

Favata

et al. 2021

Preprint

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When binary black holes merge in dense star clusters, their remnants can pair up with other black holes in the cluster, forming heavier and heavier black holes in a process called hierarchical merger. The most important condition for hierarchical merger to occur is that remnants formed by mergers are retained by the host star cluster. Using the publicly available gravitational-wave event database, we infer the magnitudes of kick velocities imparted to the remnant black holes due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves and use that to quantify the retention probability of each event as a function of the escape speed of the star cluster. Among the GWTC-2 events, GW190814 provides the tightest constraint on the kick magnitude with V kick = 73 +11 −8 km/s at 90% credible level. We find that star clusters with escape speeds of 500 km/s can retain about 50% of the events in the second gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2). Using the escape speed distributions of nuclear star clusters and globular clusters, we find that ∼ 8 (1) remnants of GWTC-2 may be retained by the host star cluster if all GWTC-2 events occurred in nuclear (globular) clusters. Our study demonstrates the importance of folding in kick velocity inferences in future studies of hierarchical mergers.

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Section: Characterizing Clusters Via Their Retention Of Bh Merger Rem...supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remnant Black Hole Kicks and Implications for Hierarchical Mergers

Mahapatra,

Gupta,

Favata

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…83 For those few cases, we implement expressions for final mass, 85 spin, 86 and recoil 87 which explicitly include the test-particle limit. See Doctor et al 88 for a study dedicated to the distribution of post-merger remnants extrapolated from the current LIGO/Virgo detections.…”

Section: A Simple Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures

Gerosa,

Fishbach

2021

Preprint

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We review theoretical findings, astrophysical modeling, and current gravitational-wave evidence of hierarchical stellar-mass black-hole mergers. While most of the compact binary mergers detected by LIGO and Virgo are expected to consist of firstgeneration black holes formed from the collapse of stars, others might instead be of second (or higher) generation, containing the remnants of previous black-hole mergers. Such a subpopulation of hierarchically assembled black holes presents distinctive gravitational-wave signatures, namely higher masses, possibly within the pair-instability mass gap, and dimensionless spins clustered at the characteristic value of ∼ 0.7. In order to produce hierarchical mergers, astrophysical environments need to overcome the relativistic recoils imparted to black-hole merger remnants, a condition which prefers hosts with escape speeds 100 km/s. Promising locations for efficient production of hierarchical mergers include nuclear star clusters and accretion disks surrounding active galactic nuclei, though environments that are less efficient at retaining merger products such as globular clusters may still contribute significantly to the detectable population of repeated mergers. While GW190521 is the single most promising hierarchical-merger candidate to date, constraints coming from large population analyses are becoming increasingly more powerful.

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“…A slightly different hierarchical merger spin distribution is reported by [68] based on the priors from LIGO/VIRGO data for mergers limited to the Milky Way. This distribution also peaks at a * 0.7.…”

Section: Pbh Spin Distribution From Inspiralsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Precision Calculation of Dark Radiation from Spinning Primordial Black Holes and Early Matter Dominated Eras

Arbey,

Auffinger,

Sandick

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present precision calculations of dark radiation in the form of gravitons coming from Hawking evaporation of spinning primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe. Our calculation incorporates a careful treatment of extended spin distributions of a population of PBHs, the PBH reheating temperature, and the number of relativistic degrees of freedom. We compare our precision results with those existing in the literature, and show constraints on PBHs from current bounds on dark radiation from BBN and the CMB, as well as the projected sensitivity of CMB Stage 4 experiments. As an application, we consider the case of PBHs formed during an early matter-dominated era (EMDE). We calculate graviton production from various PBH spin distributions pertinent to EMDEs, and find that PBHs in the entire mass range up to 10 9 g will be constrained by measurements from CMB Stage 4 experiments, assuming PBHs come to dominate the Universe prior to Hawking evaporation. We also find that for PBHs with monochromatic spins a * > 0.81, all PBH masses in the range 10 −1 g < MBH < 10 9 g will be probed by CMB Stage 4 experiments.

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Black Hole Leftovers: The Remnant Population from Binary Black Hole Mergers

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Remnant Black Hole Kicks and Implications for Hierarchical Mergers

Remnant Black Hole Kicks and Implications for Hierarchical Mergers

Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures

Precision Calculation of Dark Radiation from Spinning Primordial Black Holes and Early Matter Dominated Eras

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