Black Holes-Hedgehogs and Strings as Defects of the Universal Vacua

Abstract

In the present paper, assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: a) the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at v 1 ≈ 246 GeV -"true vacuum", and b) the second Planck scale "false vacuum" at v 2 ∼ 10 18 GeV. In these vacua we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of this paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehogs configurations as defects of the false vacuum. In the framework of the f (R) gravity, described by the Gravi-Weak unification model, we considered a black-hole solution, which corresponds to a "hedgehog" -global monopole, that has been "swallowed" by the black-hole with mass core M BH ∼ 10 18 GeV and radius δ ∼ 10 −21 GeV −1 . Considering the results of the hedgehog lattice theory in the framework of the SU (2) Yang-Mills gauge-invariant theory with hedgehogs in the Wilson loops, we have used the critical value of temperature for the hedgehogs confinement phase (T c ∼ 10 18 GeV). This result gave us the possibility to conclude that the SM shows a new physics (with contributions of the SU (2)-triplet Higgs bosons) at the scale ∼ 10 TeV. Theory predicts the stability of the EW-vacuum and the accuracy of the MPP.

Gravi-weak unification and the black-hole-hedgehog’s solution with magnetic field contribution

“…Considering the approximation ( 45) and ( 46), in agreement with a solution used by Barriola and Vilenkin in Ref. [27], we can obtain a simple approximate solution for the monopole-hedgehog taking w = 1 out the core of the hedgehog [1]. In the case of Refs.…”

“…In agreement with experimental and astrophysical results, we assumed that after the Big Bang, there came into being the unification group G T OE of the Theory of the Everything (TOE) which was rapidly broken down to the direct product of series of gauge groups (see Ref. [1]) ended by the Standard Model group G SM :…”

“…In the previous papers, [1][2][3] devoted to studying of topological defects of the universal vacua we gave the investigation of hedgehog's configurations [4,5] neglecting the contribution of magnetic fields.…”

“…The cosmological model developed in Refs. [1][2][3] assumes the existence of two degenerate vacua of the Universe: The first ("true") Electroweak (EW) vacuum with VEV v 1 ≈ 246 GeV, and the second ("false") Planck scale vacuum with VEV v 2 ∼ 10 18 GeV. In these papers, we investigated hedgehog's configurations as defects of "the false vacuum".…”

“…[7][8][9][10]. In contrast to the theory [1][2][3], here we have taken into account the contribution of the magnetic field of hedgehogs.…”