Black male college athlete identity: A scoping review

Howe, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1177/10126902221082042

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Relative to the identity foreclosure cutoff score of 21.47 developed by Adams et al (1979), the mean identity foreclosure score of 15.62 indicates the group is not in a state of foreclosure. This was an unexpected finding, especially for the African American male football and basketball players who have been the subject of multiple studies showing high levels of identity foreclosure (Entine, 2000;Harrison et al, 2011;Howe, 2022;Scales, 1991;O'Brien, 2012;Person & LeNoir, 1997).…”

Section: Discussion and Implications For Higher Education Practicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Athletic Identity and Identity Foreclosure Among Student Athletes at an NJCAA Institution

2022

JHETP

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The present study investigated the levels of athletic identity and identity foreclosure among student athletes to explore differences based on gender, race, ethnicity, and sport played. Additionally, the relationships between athletic identity and identity foreclosure were examined. Data were collected from 150 student athletes at a National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Division I institution, and the results were analyzed using reliability testing procedures, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. The following results were obtained: (a) high levels of athletic identity were reported with no significant differences based on demographic data; (b) identity foreclosure levels were low to moderate, with significant differences based on sport played and gender; and (c) a positive relationship was found between athletic identity and identity foreclosure. These findings suggest that student athletes identify with their athletic identity more than they do with their student identity, therefore putting them at risk of academic detachment. Results underscore the importance of understanding the challenges of the student athlete and the importance of academic and career development interventions.

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Section: Discussion and Implications For Higher Education Practicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Athletic Identity and Identity Foreclosure Among Student Athletes at an NJCAA Institution

2022

JHETP

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“…Within the institutionalized structure of those sports, coaches control their team membership and the benefits associated with it. Under these conditions, the time and energy that can be allocated to other activities, relationships, and identity formation unrelated to sport are severely limited (Howe, 2022).…”

Section: The Changing Context Of College Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Opportunities for Black College Athletes: Strategically Facilitating Academic Achievement and Successful Career Transitions

Jay Coakley,

C. Keith Harrison,

Jean Boyd

2024

JHEAI

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Omitted in discussions of college athletes’ use of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) opportunities is a focus on equity, educational issues, and transition into post-college careers. We frequently hear National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) declarations stating that nearly all college athletes ‘will go pro in something other than sports,’ but little is said about the challenges faced by Black athletes as they deal with coursework and the transition into post-college careers. In this paper, we summarize how the changing contexts of collegiate sports and race relations in higher education have intensified those challenges for Black athletes. We discuss how NIL opportunities can be used by Black athletes to expand identities, create and nurture relationships with mentors from Black-owned businesses, and develop programs in Black communities and organizations that promote social justice and racial equity. We assert that NIL can be combined with Happenstance Learning Theory (HLT) to develop skills for using unanticipated NIL-related opportunities in meeting challenges in courses and the transition into post-college lives. Lessons learned from support programs for Black athletes serve as a basis for recommending that universities fund the formation of a NIL Alliance of Black Athletes on campuses and provide career counselors to guide athletes as they meet people in connection with NIL deals that involve a combination of financial and personal development benefits relevant to education and future careers.

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“…Specifically with Black men, identity and positionality can be explored qualitatively to amplify the voices and experiences of the student athletes. Howe (2023) found the experiences and perceptions of identity among Black male college athletes differs depending on context, socialization, societal assumptions, and a consciousness or understanding of multiple social identities; and proposes that athletic department officials, institutions of higher education, and scholars can benefit from increased understanding of Black male college athlete identity to better support them. More information is needed on why this might not be true for female athletes or how gender roles impact them in unique ways.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Is it Hard Out Here for a Player?”: Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Athletic Identity Among College Student Athletes

Copeland,

Reynolds,

Ackley

2024

JIS

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It is unclear what impact, if any, early experiences with trauma may have on athletic identity. Athletic identity may serve as a protective shield for those who have adverse childhood experiences. Self-identifying as an athlete as opposed to the identity that experienced the trauma could be a defense mechanism for self-protection. The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and athletic identity as well as determine any influence from gender, ethnicity, and sport in a group of college athletes. Using Qualtrics software, 102 collegiate athletes currently enrolled in higher education institutions across varying NCAA divisions within the United States completed three measures: Personal Data Form, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), and Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey (ACES). Results found adverse childhood experiences were not significantly associated with Athletic Identity. However, results did show a difference between men and women, with a significant relationship between adverse childhood experiences and athletic identity in men but not women. Upon further examination, it was found that for men, consideration of ethnicity in conjunction with gender highlighted an even stronger relationship among Black men specifically. Implications for these findings, suggestions for university athletic departments, and recommendations for future research were made.

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Black male college athlete identity: A scoping review

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Athletic Identity and Identity Foreclosure Among Student Athletes at an NJCAA Institution

Athletic Identity and Identity Foreclosure Among Student Athletes at an NJCAA Institution

Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Opportunities for Black College Athletes: Strategically Facilitating Academic Achievement and Successful Career Transitions

“Is it Hard Out Here for a Player?”: Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Athletic Identity Among College Student Athletes

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