Black Pepper or Radish Seed Oils in a New Combination of Essential Oils Modulated Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Expression of Digestive Enzymes, Lipogenesis, Immunity, and Autophagy-Related Genes

Abstract

Optimal combinations of essential oils (EOs) can enhance performance and maintain poultry productivity. The effects of EOs with black pepper oil (BPO) or radish seed oil (RSO) on performance and the expression of digestive enzymes, lipogenesis, immunity, and autophagy-related genes in broiler chickens were explored. Six dietary treatments for 300 one-day-old chicks were allocated as follows: controls were fed a basal diet, one group was fed an EO-supplemented diet (1.5 g/kg diet of parsley, mint, and carrot seed oils (1:1:1)), and other groups received Eos + BPO0.25, Eos + BPO0.5, Eos + RSO0.25, and Eos + RSO0.5 treatments, with a basal diet containing EOs plus BPO or RSO at the level of 0.25 or 0.5 g/kg, respectively. Supplementation with 0.5 g/kg of EOs plus BPO or RSO resulted in the most improved maximum BWG and FCR in broiler chickens. The lactobacilli population was increased in Eos + BPO0.5, followed by EOs + RSO0.5, unlike in the control. The highest expression of the CCK and PNLIP genes was identified in the Eos + BPO group. The FAS and ACC genes were upregulated, while the IgA and IL-10 genes were downregulated, with EOs plus RSO or BPO. The group that received Eos + BPO0.5, followed by Eos + RSO0.5, displayed patterns of higher expression for atg5, atg7, and atg12, with lower expression of mTOR. In summary, a new combination of EOs with 0.5 g/kg BPO had potential growth-promoting and immune-boosting effects in broiler chickens.

Nigella sativa Extract Potentially Inhibited Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Infection in Rabbits: Potential Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Properties

“…Furthermore, a stimulating effect of black seed on digestive system with a consequence of superior absorption and performance of broiler chickens were previously proved [ 47 ]. Additionally, enhancing the activities of digestive enzymes came in parallel with previous growth promoting results [ 48 ]. In agreement with our findings, dietary supplementation of N. sativa increased the bile flow rate resulting in activation of pancreatic lipases and assisting in digestion and absorption of fat [ 49 ].…”

Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Nano-Formulation on Growth, Antioxidant Potential, Fillet Quality, Immunity, Autophagy-Related Genes and Aeromonas hydrophila Resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Autophagy is a process in which cells utilize lysosomes to break down their damaged macromolecular and other organelles [ 65 ]. Autophagy and innate immunity may operate together via a combined signaling pathway [ 66 , 67 ]. The immune system utilizes the degradation products of autophagic cytoplasmic material to control adaptive immunity [ 68 ].…”

Effect of Ginger Powder on Production Performance, Antioxidant Status, Hematological Parameters, Digestibility, and Plasma Cholesterol Content in Broiler Chickens

“…Dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein utilization (CPU), crude fiber utilization (CFU), and ether extract utilization (EEU) were determined according to Horwitz [ 29 ]. The apparent digestibility coefficient was estimated and expressed as a percentage [ 30 , 31 ].…”