Black phosphorous-based human-machine communication interface

Abstract

Assistive technology involving auditory feedback is generally utilized by those who are visually impaired or have speech and language difficulties. Therefore, here we concentrate on an auditory human-machine interface that uses audio as a platform for conveying information between visually or speech-disabled users and society. We develop a piezoresistive tactile sensor based on a black phosphorous and polyaniline (BP@PANI) composite by the facile chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline on cotton fabric. Taking advantage of BP’s puckered honeycomb lattice structure and superior electrical properties as well as the vast wavy fabric surface, this BP@PANI-based tactile sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, low-pressure sensitivity, reasonable response time, and good cycle stability. For a real-world application, a prototype device employs six BP@PANI tactile sensors that correspond to braille characters and can convert pressed text into audio on reading or typing to assist visually or speech-disabled persons. Overall, this research offers promising insight into the material candidates and strategies for the development of auditory feedback devices based on layered and 2D materials for human-machine interfaces.

Multi‐Sensing Platform Based on 2D Monoelement Germanane

“…The intensity of PL is triggered by the intercalated molecules owing to local structural distortion of the CH 3 Ge caused by the dative interaction of water molecules with the Ge─C. Taking benefit of this property, we focused on the detection of different gases (humidity and ammonia) and pH of water (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The absorbed gases can be identified based on the particular color response, that is, acidic gases emit red light and basic gases emit red-orange light.…”

2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives

“…977,978 With several unique features, BP is another emerging material, which recently attracted The combined advantages of puckered honeycomb lattice structure and superior electrical characteristics of BP resulted in good sensitivity of 1.73 kPa −1 with a pressure range of 0.5 to 20 kPa and a reasonable response speed with response and recovery time of 0.20 and 0.21 sec with the tactile sensor fabricated with the single layer of BP@PANI fabric. 979 With the development of new strategies as well as a deeper understanding of wearable sensor systems, the 2D materialbased flexible electronics will play an important role in driving the development of a wide range of emerging applications in biomedicine, health care, robotics, and artificial intelligence. 6.4.3.…”

“…Recently Vaghasiya et al developed a piezoresistive tactile sensor by sequentially soaking polyester/cellulose blend fabric in highly dispersed BP ink and aniline monomer. The combined advantages of puckered honeycomb lattice structure and superior electrical characteristics of BP resulted in good sensitivity of 1.73 kPa –1 with a pressure range of 0.5 to 20 kPa and a reasonable response speed with response and recovery time of 0.20 and 0.21 sec with the tactile sensor fabricated with the single layer of BP@PANI fabric . With the development of new strategies as well as a deeper understanding of wearable sensor systems, the 2D material-based flexible electronics will play an important role in driving the development of a wide range of emerging applications in biomedicine, health care, robotics, and artificial intelligence.…”

In Situ Spray Polymerization of Conductive Polymers for Personalized E-textiles

“…E-textiles, a form of wearable technology that combines textiles with sensory capabilities, enable real-time and mobile monitoring of critical health signals, making them useful for various applications such as healthcare, military equipment, and wearable devices. − A range of traditional techniques for overcoating conductive materials, such as dip-coating, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and direct printing, have been developed to produce e-textiles. − However, these techniques face challenges in creating intricate or personalized sensor designs for different fabric types due to the requirements of using heat, vacuum, precursors, plasma system, or vaporization process. , Additive patterning techniques, such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and three-dimensional (3D) dispensing, have been used to create custom sensor designs by employing either a shadow mask or direct writing. − However, these techniques may encounter challenges with clogging and high-throughput printing, particularly when covering large areas with active nanomaterials or molecules. , …”