Black Power—Nixon Style: The Nixon Administration and Minority Business Enterprise

Kotlowski, Dean J.

doi:10.2307/3116216

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar questions about economic impact for a broad base of blacks were raised when Richard Nixon's presidential campaign included a policy program called "Black Capitalism" designed to foster a cadre of black-owned firms in segregated black neighborhoods. Some felt the program was a detour away from full employment (Kotlowski, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assimilation and Self-Employment: The Case of Black Americans

Fairchild¹

2008

J. Dev. Entrepreneurship

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Residential segregation has played a central role in theories of minority entrepreneurship. This study integrates two theories in the extant literature on minorities and urban areas (spatial assimilation theory and labor market disadvantage theory); and tests a hypothesis on the self-employment likelihood of black Americans. Descriptive statistics indicate a negative relationship between black-white segregation and increasing socioeconomic status (SES), although blacks remain considerably residentially segregated from whites of similar SES. The model results indicate that, after controlling for a number of factors, segregation of high SES blacks and whites in a metropolitan area is associated with higher likelihood of black self-employment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assimilation and Self-Employment: The Case of Black Americans

Fairchild¹

2008

J. Dev. Entrepreneurship

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“…His “Black capitalism” program, an objective central to his black strategy, was conceived in an explicitly race‐targeted manner. Nixon was realistic enough not to court the entire black constituency, and focused on those Moynihan would call the “Black silent majority” in his controversial January 1970 memo (Kotlowski 1998b; 2001, 176‐77). He ignored separatists and Black Power advocates, but showed openness to blacks who could qualify as forming the new “Black middle class”: moderate, hardworking, and sensitive to conservative values, they were those “who are trying to utilize it [the system]” as wrote Robert J.…”

Section: Targeted Gestures Toward Selected Ethnic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He also expanded federal procurements for firms owned by African Americans. And he associated his name with affirmative action through the contract compliance program, by approving the Philadelphia Plan intended to open construction work to minorities (Kotlowski, 1998a). Nixon therefore played a key role in promoting a new model of justice, based on the corrections of race-based differences (Skrentny 1996, 217).…”

Section: Targeted Gestures Toward Selected Ethnic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PresidentNixon's Broken Promise to “Bring theAmerican People Together”

Peretz

2014

Pres Stud Q

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To secure his reelection, President Richard Nixon tried to dismantle the New Deal coalition and form a new Republican majority; to do so, he attacked the monopoly Democrats had on racial and ethnic votes. Nixon's racial and ethnic politicking represented a rupture with past Republican ignorance of minorities; it was going to be one of his key legacies to his party. This article shows that, driven by consecutively defined electoral goals, his administration systematically favored group-specific measures over universalistic policies addressing common ethnic claims, and that these measures were accompanied by a divisive rhetoric and implemented in an antagonistic fashion. It argues that Nixon broke his promise to reunite the country, and used racial and ethnic politics as an instrument of electoral engineering rather than as a way to correct legacies of past discriminations.

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“…In his 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon made promotion of Black capitalism the centerpiece of his civil rights platform. (Kotlowski 1998). Blacks, stated Nixon, must have “the economic power that comes ownership, and the security and independence that comes from economic power” (McClaughry 1969, p. 38).…”

Section: African American Owners Of Small Businesses In Historical Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints, Opportunities, and the Decision to Pursue Business Ownership

Bates

Tuck

2013

Du Bois Rev.

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The choice between working as an employee and owning a business is shaped by constraints and opportunities. Among African Americans, understanding why the entrepreneurial path is chosen requires evaluating not only the relative importance of constraints pushing workers toward self-employment versus opportunities pulling entrants into firm ownership, but, more fundamentally, the changing opportunity structures shaping occupational choices. This study focuses on the 1960s and 1970s period when specific constraints historically limiting entrepreneurial alternatives began to change dramatically. Findings indicate that expanding opportunities sharply altered the industry composition of the Black business community.Because economists view the decision to enter into business ownership as an exercise in freedom of choice made on the basis of one’s preferences, they tend not to appreciate that these decisions are made in specific socio-economic contexts and that changes in context matter. Facing altered opportunity structures, prospective Black entrepreneurs have often chosen to abandon fields offering low remuneration—particularly personal services—entering instead into higher yielding fields where creation of viable firms requires investment of capital by owners possessing appropriate expertise. This transformation has remolded the stagnant business community of the mid-1960s into a profoundly different, more dynamic one.

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Black Power—Nixon Style: The Nixon Administration and Minority Business Enterprise

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Spatial Assimilation and Self-Employment: The Case of Black Americans

Spatial Assimilation and Self-Employment: The Case of Black Americans

PresidentNixon's Broken Promise to “Bring theAmerican People Together”

Constraints, Opportunities, and the Decision to Pursue Business Ownership

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