Black Stereotypical Features

Kleider-Offutt, Heather M.; Bond, Alesha D.; Hegerty, Shanna E. A.

doi:10.1177/0963721416667916

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These face trait judgments occur for race-and gender-ambiguous faces, suggesting that susceptibility to biased assessment may be ubiquitous (Ito et al, 2011;Kaminska et al, 2020). However, in scientific research and the news media, Black faces specifically garner biased judgment (Dixon, 2017;Dixon & Azocar, 2007;Kleider-Offutt, 2019;Kleider-Offutt et al, 2017a, 2017b. The focus of the current study is to identify facial features associated with assumed behavioral traits that underpin biased judgments of Black individuals.…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Speeded judgments are often biased and based on little or no information about actual behavior . Instead, people form impressions of one another and assume character traits based in part on facial structure and the extent to which facial cues support preconceived expectations for behavior (Blair et al, 2004a(Blair et al, , 2004bDotsch & Todorov, 2012;Kleider-Offutt et al, 2017a, 2017b. Face judgment research finds commonalities in facial structure that lead to judgments of dominance, trustworthiness, and a variety of other trait-based assumptions (for review Zebrowitz et al, 2011,).…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Face judgment research finds commonalities in facial structure that lead to judgments of dominance, trustworthiness, and a variety of other trait-based assumptions (for review Zebrowitz et al, 2011,). These judgments may play a role in how people are perceived and may relate to important applied decisions, such as political elections (Todorov et al, 2005), military rank (Mazur et al, 1984;Mueller & Mazur, 1998), and court system outcomes relating to sentence severity and guilty verdicts (Blair et al, 2004a(Blair et al, , 2004bKleider-Offutt et al, 2017a, 2017bPorter et al, 2010). These face trait judgments occur for race-and gender-ambiguous faces, suggesting that susceptibility to biased assessment may be ubiquitous (Ito et al, 2011;Kaminska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

et al. 2021

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Faces judged as stereotypically Black are perceived negatively relative to less stereotypical faces. In this experiment, artificial faces were constructed to examine the effects of nose width, lip fullness, and skin reflectance, as well as to study the relations among perceived dominance, threat, and Black stereotypicality. Using a multilevel structural equation model to isolate contributions of the facial features and the participant demographics, results showed that stereotypicality was related to wide nose, darker reflectance, and to a lesser extent full lips; threat was associated with wide nose, thin lips, and low reflectance; dominance was mainly related to nose width. Facial features explained variance among faces, suggesting that face-type bias in this sample was related to specific face features rather than particular characteristics of the participant. People’s perceptions of relations across these traits may underpin some of the sociocultural disparities in treatment of certain individuals by the legal system.

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Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

et al. 2021

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“…We focused on racial phenotypicality because the degree to which an individual's facial appearance is more prototypical of that person's groupthat is, possessing physical features that are similar to those traditionally associated with the group (Ma & Correll, 2011)can have a profound impact on how the person is treated and on intergroup relations more generally (Kleider-Offutt et al, 2017;Maddox, 2004;Maddox & Perry, 2017). Much of the literature on this topic has focused on how White Americans perceive Black Americans.…”

Section: Attitudes Of In-and Out-group Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Way They Look: Phenotypic Prototypicality Shapes the Perceived Intergroup Attitudes of In- and Out-group Members

Kunst¹,

Dovidio²,

Bailey³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Even when people hold little prejudice themselves, expectations about how members of other groups perceive them may negatively influence interracial interactions. In four pre-registered experiments each using a full intergroup design with Black and White participants, we show that people infer negative meta-attitudes from out-group members’ whose appearance is phenotypically prototypical, which in turn leads to less favorable orientations towards intergroup contact, independent of personal attitudes. In Experiment 1, Black Americans but not White Americans, perceived phenotypically prototypical out-group members to hold less favorable meta-attitudes and this explained less favorable contact orientations. In Experiment 2, this pattern emerged for both groups of participants and was pronounced among stigma conscious individuals. Experiment 3 replicated and extended Experiment 2 with representative samples, further demonstrating that the effect of phenotypic prototypicality is pronounced among participants who report previous rejection by the out-group. In Experiment 4, direct evidence for the causal effect of the mediator meta-attitudes on orientations toward contact was obtained. In all studies, effects held controlling for participants’ general intergroup attitudes and experiences, demonstrating the unique role of attitudes at the meta-perceptual level in shaping intergroup relations. Participants also perceived phenotypically prototypical in-group members as having less favorable intergroup attitudes, suggesting a general tendency to infer meta-attitudes from phenotypic prototypicality. We discuss our results in light of previous research, highlight social implications, and suggest future directions.

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“…Noted for its wide range in age of 179 models (ranging from the 20 s to the 60 s), the FACES database (Ebner et al, 2010) is mainly used in studies examining differences in face recognition ability across different age groups (Ebner and Johnson, 2009; Voelkle et al, 2012). The Chicago Face Database (Ma et al, 2015), which contains male and female, Black and White individuals in its initially published subset, was used in testing the effect of race in perceiving faces (Gwinn et al, 2015; Kleider-Offutt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Yonsei Face Database (YFace DB)

et al. 2019

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The purposes of this study were to develop the Yonsei Face Database (YFace DB), consisting of both static and dynamic face stimuli for six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust), and to test its validity. The database includes selected pictures (static stimuli) and film clips (dynamic stimuli) of 74 models (50% female) aged between 19 and 40. Thousand four hundred and eighty selected pictures and film clips were assessed for the accuracy, intensity, and naturalness during the validation procedure by 221 undergraduate students. The overall accuracy of the pictures was 76%. Film clips had a higher accuracy, of 83%; the highest accuracy was observed in happiness and the lowest in fear across all conditions (static with mouth open or closed, or dynamic). The accuracy was higher in film clips across all emotions but happiness and disgust, while the naturalness was higher in the pictures than in film clips except for sadness and anger. The intensity varied the most across conditions and emotions. Significant gender effects were found in perception accuracy for both the gender of models and raters. Male raters perceived surprise more accurately in static stimuli with mouth open and in dynamic stimuli while female raters perceived fear more accurately in all conditions. Moreover, sadness and anger expressed in static stimuli with mouth open and fear expressed in dynamic stimuli were perceived more accurately when models were male. Disgust expressed in static stimuli with mouth open and dynamic stimuli, and fear expressed in static stimuli with mouth closed were perceived more accurately when models were female. The YFace DB is the largest Asian face database by far and the first to include both static and dynamic facial expression stimuli, and the current study can provide researchers with a wealth of information about the validity of each stimulus through the validation procedure.

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Black Stereotypical Features

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

The Way They Look: Phenotypic Prototypicality Shapes the Perceived Intergroup Attitudes of In- and Out-group Members

Development and Validation of the Yonsei Face Database (YFace DB)

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