Black TiO₂nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical self-doping and their photoelectrochemical performance

Abstract

It was found that the removal of KN-R on black TiO2 NTAs electrodes can be improved by combination of electro-enhanced photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation at high bias.

Photoelectrochemical properties of “increasingly dark” TiO2 nanotube arrays

“…Promisingly, enhanced photocurrent [15,18,20,21] and photocatalytic activity (e.g. in H2 evolution [14,19] and degradation of organic compounds [16,17,20,21]) under solar simulated irradiation has been reported for the reduced TNTAs.…”

“…Similarly, "black" TiO2 (TiOx) nanotube arrays have been previously synthesized by high [14] or ambient [15][16][17][18] pressure heat treatment in H2 [14,18] or Ar/H2 [15,17] atmosphere, high-energy proton implantation [19], soaking in an NH4F-containing ethylene glycol [20] and electrochemical reduction ("self-doping") [21,22]. Promisingly, enhanced photocurrent [15,18,20,21] and photocatalytic activity (e.g. in H2 evolution [14,19] and degradation of organic compounds [16,17,20,21]) under solar simulated irradiation has been reported for the reduced TNTAs.…”

Fabrication of a self‐doped TiO2 nanotube array electrode for electrochemical degradation of methyl orange

“…As shown in Figure b, the Ti2p 3/2 , Ti2p 1/2 , and O1s XPS peaks in the spectrum of the TNA electrode are centered at binding energies of 458.7, 464.4, and 529.9 eV, respectively, whereas these respective peaks for the DTNA electrode are located at 458.6, 464.3, and 529.8 eV. Compared with the spectral peaks of the TNA electrode, those of the DTNA electrode are slightly negatively shifted, which can be attributed to the increased presence of Ti 3+ and oxygen vacancies . Furthermore, as shown in Figure , the color of the DTNA electrode was darker than that of the TNA electrode; This can be attributed to the oxygen‐vacancy‐induced formation of a defect state in the DTNA electrode bandgap during the cathodic reduction treatment …”

“…One‐dimensional titanium dioxide nanotubes have become a popular research topic in the field of chemistry and materials due to their large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, and favorable biocompatibility . Self‐doped TiO 2 nanotube array (DTNA) electrodes prepared though anodic oxidation combined with cathodic reduction have the advantages of high arrangement regularity and a large specific surface area. Because DTNAs are prepared directly on a titanium substrate, the shape and crystal structure of the nanotubes can be easily controlled, thus allowing for effective assembly, shortening the process and saving resources.…”

Photothermal-Controlled Release of IL-4 in IL-4/PDA-Immobilized Black Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanotubes Surface to Enhance Osseointegration: An In Vivo Study

“…In a study, Zhu et al prepared black titanium dioxide nanotube arrays by electrochemical reduction at a set voltage (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 V) for a certain time (15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min). The results show that extra high voltage and extra long time will destroy the pore structure of nanotubes [ 74 ]. In addition, Li et al [ 75 ], Yu et al [ 76 ] and Ma et al [ 44 ] prepared black titanium dioxide nanotubes at 40 V for 200 s, 60 V for 30 s and 60 V for 35 s, respectively.…”