Black Titania for Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Zhu, Guangshan; Yin, Hao; Yang, Chengliang; Cui, Houlei; Zhou, Wang; Xu, Feng; Lin, Tianquan; Huang, Fuqiang

doi:10.1002/cctc.201500488

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Solution A (tetrabutyl titanate/EtOH) and solution B (HNO 3 /EtOH) were mixed to form a sol, followed by adding of a certain amount of NaBH 4 until it reconstituted into a gel. [ 50 ] The resulted black TiO 2 nanoparticles could harvest over 80% solar absorption (Figure 8 b). [ 58 ] Hundred-gram grade of black TiO 2 nanoparticles have been successfully produced by NaBH 4 reduction through dry process, corresponding pictures were shown in Figure 8 a.…”

Section: Hydrogen Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black TiO 2 nanoparticles could be obtained by annealing amorphous TiO 2 under H 2 fl ow at 500 °C for 1h, followed by cooling in an inert environment to room temperature with a rate of approximately 50 °C/min (optical absorption shown in Figure 5 a). In this aspect, hydrides, such as NaBH 4 , [ 48 ] N 2 H 4 , [ 49 ] CaH 2 , [ 50 ] which can be decomposed to generate molecular hydrogen at mild experimental (101). [ 39 ] Besides the amorphous TiO 2 , protonated titanate could be effi ciently converted to dark brown H-doped TiO 2 (TiO 2 -H) by heating under a fl ow of H 2 (5% in N 2 ) at 500 °C.…”

Section: Hydrogen Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Liu

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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288

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excited charges should separate from each other and migrate to the surface to perform photocatalytic reactions, before they are annihilated in the recombination process. [ 3,17,18 ] Nevertheless, TiO 2 has a wide bandgap of 3.0−3.2 eV for the three common natural polymorphs -anatase, rutile and brookite. [ 8 ] That limits the optical absorption of TiO 2 in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the solar spectrum, resulting in insuffi cient utilization of solar energy (less than 5%). Another hurdle for TiO 2 material in the photo-chemical applications is its low quantum effi ciency that results from its high recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. [ 16,18 ] Therefore, improving the optical absorption properties and reducing electron-hole recombination of TiO 2 are expected to be signifi cant for superior photoactivity.Various strategies have been adopted to tune TiO 2 's optical and electronic properties to improve its visible-light photoactivity. For example, metal ions (Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, …) or non-metal ions (N, S, C, I, …) are doped in the titania matrix to induce mid-gap states or to narrow the bandgap of TiO 2 , aiming to enhance its visible-light response. [ 3,17 ] Doping with open-shell metals is claimed to be benefi cial for red-shifting TiO 2 photochemistry into the visible, while closed shell cation dopants have no photochemical benefi t. Some d -block transition metal doping often generates deeply localized d -states in the forbidden bandgap of TiO 2 and results in recombination centers for carriers. [ 3,19 ] For the incorporation of non-metal ions, heavy doping is always diffi cult due to the large differences in chemistry between the alien ions and O 2− in titania, thus the visible light absorption is not signifi cantly enhanced. [ 20 ] Dye-sensitized or noble metal nanodots decorated TiO 2 nanostructures have been largely designed to enhanced its optical properties and to improve the charge separation effi ciency. [ 6,9,15,17,21 ] Additionally, charge separation in TiO 2 is believed to be effi ciently improved by forming heterojunctions with other semiconductors, such as metal oxides and chalcogenides. [ 6,22 ] In 2011, a hydrogenated black titania with a narrowed bandgap of ≈1.5 eV was reported to boost the full spectrum sunlight absorption and the photocatalytic activity. [ 23 ] This discovery has triggered world-wide scientifi c interests in black TiO 2 nanomaterials. [ 8 ] Black TiO 2 is featured by selfstructural modifi cations, involving self-doped Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancy, or incorporation of H-doping. [ 5,8 ] Owing to these modifi cations, their crystal and electronic structures as well as the surface property are signifi cantly changed, and the most marked effect is the color changing. The intrinsic TiO 2The photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 has aroused a broad range of research effort since 1972. Although TiO 2 has a very high effi ciency in utilizing ultraviolet light, its overall solar activity is very limited due to its wide bandgap (≈3.0−3.2 eV). This is a bottleneck for TiO 2 to...

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Section: Hydrogen Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Liu

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

288

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Color change from white to black for TiO 2 nanomaterials reflects the change in optical properties and thus suggests the structural change after modification, at least the surface structural change. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) has revealed that a number of black TiO 2 nanomaterials have a crystalline/ amorphous core/shell structure, while white ones have clear lattice fringes throughout the crystals [22,23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. The amorphous or disordered surface layer has been considered the typical feature of black TiO 2 nanomaterials.…”

Section: Basic Properties Of Black Tio 2 Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[83,84]) by CaH 2 usually generates black Ti 2 O 3 rather than black TiO 2 [83,84]. Recently, black TiO 2 was prepared from Degussa P25 by CaH 2 reduction at 400°C [42]. The black TiO 2 had a crystalline/amorphous core/shell structure with abundant oxygen vacancies, which led to a high solar absorption (~81% solar energy absorption) and significantly enhanced photocatalytic organic degradation and water-splitting performance [42].…”

Section: Black Tio 2 Nanomaterials As Visible Light-active Photocatalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis

Yan

Xia

2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanomaterials are widely considered to be state-of-the-art photocatalysts for environmental protection and energy conversion. However, the low photocatalytic efficiency caused by large bandgap and rapid recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes is a challenging issue that needs to be settled for their practical applications. Structure engineering has been demonstrated to be a highly promising approach to engineer the optical and electronic properties of the existing materials or even endow them with unexpected properties. Surface structure engineering has witnessed the breakthrough in increasing the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 nanomaterials by creating a defect-rich or amorphous surface layer with black color and extension of optical absorption to the whole visible spectrum, along with markedly enhanced photocatalytic activities. In this review, the recent progress in the development of black TiO 2 nanomaterials is reviewed to gain a better understanding of the structure-property relationship with the consideration of preparation methods and to project new insights into the future development of black TiO 2 nanomaterials in photocatalytic applications.

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“…Only T600 possesses low light absorption in UV region, as the presence of Al in the sample may contribute to the decreased light absorption behavior. The relation of colored TiO2 with the enhancement of light absorption properties in visible light range in different methods and morphologies were also reported in several papers [9,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Uv-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectramentioning

confidence: 66%

Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via Aluminium Treatment

Ariyanti

Dong

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained much attentions for the last few decades due to its remarkable performance in photocatalysis and some other related properties. However, its wide bandgap (~3.2 eV) can only absorb UV energy which is only ~5% of solar light spectrum. The objective of this research was to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by improving the optical absorption to the visible light range. Here, colored TiO2 nanoparticles range from light to dark grey were prepared via aluminium treatment at the temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 o C. The modified TiO2 is able to absorb up to 50% of visible light (400-700 nm) and shows a relatively good photocatalytic activity in organic dye (Rhodamine B) degradation under visible light irradiation compared with the commercial TiO2. Copyright

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Black Titania for Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Cited by 81 publications

References 44 publications

Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Black Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis

Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via Aluminium Treatment

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