Black West Indian and Matched White Diabetics in Britain Compared With Diabetics in Jamaica: Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Disease

Cruickshank, J.K.; Alleyne, Sylvan

doi:10.2337/diacare.10.2.170

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The prevalence of these risk factors is known to differ among various ethnic groups 56 and is also associated with manifestations of different stroke subtypes. 48,57 Also, South Asian migrants have been reported to a have a high prevalence of central obesity, hyperinsulinemia, 58 hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but less hypercholesterolemia and general obesity relative to the general UK population.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Stroke in South Asians

Gunarathne

Patel

Gammon

et al. 2009

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Within the United Kingdom, mortality from stroke is higher among South Asians compared to European whites. The reasons for this excess cerebrovascular risk in South Asians remain unclear. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive and systematic overview of the available literature relating to ischemic stroke among South Asian populations identifying distinct features of stroke epidemiology in this group. Summary of Review-A high frequency of lacunar strokes is a familiar pattern among South Asians, which suggests a greater prevalence of small-vessel disease in South Asians. This may be a consequence of abnormal metabolic and glycemic processes. In addition, stroke mortality among South Asians appears to be explained by glycemic status, which is an independent predictor of long-term stroke mortality. Within India, there is a perceptible rural-urban gradient in stroke prevalence, underlying the dangers of the rapid transition in socioeconomic circumstances seen across the Indian subcontinent. Conclusions-This

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Section: Cardiovascular Risk Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Stroke in South Asians

Gunarathne

Patel

Gammon

et al. 2009

Stroke

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“…The studies in South Africa and the UK report a similar prevalence between people of African, European, and Indian origin with type II diabetes, 92 Asian and Europeans, 38 and black West Indians, Jamaicans, and Caucasians. 35 …”

Section: Ethnic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema: a systematic review

Williams

Airey

Baxter

et al. 2004

Eye

402

243

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Aims To systematically review the literature on the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular oedema (MO). Methods A search of the bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) was conducted up to October 2001. Selected relevant studies were scrutinized and included in the review. Results A total of 359 studies were included. The studies were reported in nearly 100 different journals and in over 50 countries. The majority of the studies were US-based, with large studies such as the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy dominating the literature. The studies were quite dated and highly heterogeneous in nature in terms of patient selection with variable inclusion criteria (age range, gender, diabetes duration and type, ethnicity, comorbidity, and DR status, assessment, and classification). Conclusions There are inconsistencies between epidemiological studies, and differences in study methods may contribute to conflicting reports of prevalence and incidence of DR and MO in diabetic populations. As new therapies for DR and its associated complications emerge, the need to capture and monitor new epidemiological data becomes increasingly important to be able to assess the impact and effectiveness of these therapies. Robust, longitudinal capture of patient data is, therefore, essential to evaluate the impact of current practice on the epidemiology of diabetic eye complications.

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“…In one study, both groups had the same prevalence of ischemic heart disease, but IA patients had less peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, and renal disease (10). In another study, ischemic heart disease rates were lower in AC patients than in WC patients, despite a greater prevalence of hypertension (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…T he epidemiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications vary significantly between ethnic and racial groups (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7), but few studies have assessed ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factor profiles (8). The U.K.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

Davis

Cull²,

Holman³

2001

Diabetes Care

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FOR THE U.K. PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY (UKPDS) GROUPOBJECTIVE -To assess the relationship among self-reported ethnicity, metabolic control, and blood pressure during treatment of type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We studied 2,999 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients recruited to the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study who were randomized to conventional or intensive glucose control policies if their fasting plasma glucose levels remained Ͼ6 mmol/l after a dietary run-in. A total of 2,484 patients (83%) were white Caucasian (WC), 265 patients (9%) were Afro-Caribbean (AC), and 250 patients (8%) were Asian of Indian origin (IA). Variables were assessed at 3, 6, and 9 years.RESULTS -During the 9-year study period, body weight increased more in WC patients (mean 5.0 kg) than in AC (3.0 kg) and IA (2.5 kg) patients (P Ͻ 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline value, treatment allocation, and change in weight, there were no consistent ethnic differences in mean change in fasting plasma glucose or HbA 1c . After adjustment for antihypertensive therapy, increase in systolic blood pressure at 9 years was greatest in AC patients (7 mmHg; P Ͻ 0.01 vs. WC patients). Mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol decreased progressively during the 9 years in each group. In AC patients, the mean increase in HDL cholesterol (0.16 mmol/l) at 3 years, maintained to 9 years, and the mean decrease in plasma triglyceride level (0.4 mmol/l) at 9 years were greater than in WC and IA patients (P Ͻ 0.001).CONCLUSIONS -This study shows important ethnic differences in body weight, lipid profiles, and blood pressure, but not glycemic control, during 9 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. AC patients maintained the most favorable lipid profiles, but hypertension developed in more AC patients than WC or IA patients. Ethnicity-specific glycemic control of type 2 diabetes seems unnecessary, but other risk factors need to be addressed independently.

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Black West Indian and Matched White Diabetics in Britain Compared With Diabetics in Jamaica: Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Ischemic Stroke in South Asians

Ischemic Stroke in South Asians

Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema: a systematic review

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

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