Black–White Disparities in Birth Outcomes: Is Racism-Related Stress a Missing Piece of the Puzzle?

Braveman, Paula

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9616-9_10

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…57,58 Furthermore, the black-white disparity in birth outcomes is largest among highly educated women. 59 Living in a society with a strong legacy of racial discrimination could damage health through psychobiologic pathways, even without overtly discriminatory incidents. [60][61][62] How do widespread and persistent socioeconomic gradients in health add to evidence that social factors are important influences on health?…”

Section: The Impacts Of Socioeconomic and Other Social Factors On Mosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes

2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the past two decades, the public health community's attention has been drawn increasingly to the social determinants of health (SDH)-the factors apart from medical care that can be influenced by social policies and shape health in powerful ways . We use "medical care" rather than "health care" to refer to clinical services, to avoid potential confusion between "health" and "health care ." The World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health has defined SDH as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age" and "the fundamental drivers of these conditions ." The term "social determinants" often evokes factors such as health-related features of neighborhoods (e .g ., walkability, recreational areas, and accessibility of healthful foods), which can influence health-related behaviors . Evidence has accumulated, however, pointing to socioeconomic factors such as income, wealth, and education as the fundamental causes of a wide range of health outcomes . This article broadly reviews some of the knowledge accumulated to date that highlights the importance of social-and particularly socioeconomicfactors in shaping health, and plausible pathways and biological mechanisms that may explain their effects . We also discuss challenges to advancing this knowledge and how they might be overcome .

show abstract

Section: The Impacts Of Socioeconomic and Other Social Factors On Mosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes

2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unmarried women are more likely to live in materially deprived neighborhoods, report higher levels of prenatal anxiety and prenatal smoking, and report lower levels of prenatal social support and financial resources—each of which can affect birth outcomes (Kane Forthcoming; O’Campo, Xue, Wang, and Caughy 1997; Pagel, Smilkstein, Regen, and Montano 1990; Wadhwa, Sandman, Porto, Dunkel-Schetter, and Garite 1993). Although racial disparities in birth weight are not a focus of this study, it should be noted that a growing literature cites discrimination—a factor associated with many of these same circumstances—as a likely mechanism explaining stark racial disparities observed (Braveman 2011; Giscombé and Lobel 2005; Rosenthal and Lobel 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrative Model of Inter- and Intragenerational Preconception Processes Influencing Birthweight in the United States

Kane

2015

J Health Soc Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social inequalities in birth weight are an important population health concern as low birth weight is one mechanism through which inequalities are reproduced across generations. Yet we don’t understand what causes adverse birth outcomes. This study draws together theoretic and empiric findings from disparate disciplines—sociology, economics, public health, and behavior genetics—to develop a new integrative intra- and inter-generational model of preconception processes influencing birth weight. This model is empirically tested using structural equation modeling and population-level data containing linked mother-daughter pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and the Children of the NLSY79 (N=1,580 mother-daughter pairs). Results reveal that birth weight is shaped by preconception factors dating back to women’s early life experiences as well as conditions dating back three generations, via integrative intra- and inter-generational processes. These processes reveal specific mechanisms through which social inequality can transmit from mothers to children via birth weight.

show abstract

“…At the other extreme, inadequate GWG is associated with small for gestational age (SGA) infants (4,13,14), and preterm deliveries (4,14,20). These outcomes are also more common among Black mothers than White mothers (1,2,21). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain Differ by Pre-pregnancy Weight

Headen

Mujahid

Cohen

et al. 2015

Matern Child Health J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) varies by race/ethnicity and modifies the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, which disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities. Yet studies investigating whether racial/ethnic disparities in GWG vary by pre-pregnancy BMI are inconsistent, and none studied nationally representative populations. Methods Using categorical measures of GWG adequacy based on Institute of Medicine recommendations, we investigated whether associations between race/ethnicity and GWG adequacy were modified by pre-pregnancy BMI [underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) ] among all births to Black, Hispanic, and White mothers in the 1979 USA National Longitudinal Survey of Youth cohort (n=6849 pregnancies; range=1-10). We used generalized estimating equations, adjusted for marital status, parity, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, and multiple measures of socioeconomic position. Results Effect measure modification between race/ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI was significant for inadequate GWG (Wald test p-value=0.08). Normal weight Black (Risk Ratio (RR)=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.52) and Hispanic women (RR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.54) and underweight Black women (RR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.79) experienced an increased risk of inadequate GWG compared to Whites. Differences in risk of inadequate GWG between minority women, compared to White women, were not significant among overweight and obese women. Effect measure modification between race/ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI was not significant for excessive GWG. Conclusions The magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities in inadequate GWG appears to vary by pre-pregnancy weight class, which should be considered when designing interventions to close racial/ethnic gaps in healthy GWG.

show abstract

Black–White Disparities in Birth Outcomes: Is Racism-Related Stress a Missing Piece of the Puzzle?

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes

The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes

An Integrative Model of Inter- and Intragenerational Preconception Processes Influencing Birthweight in the United States

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain Differ by Pre-pregnancy Weight

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About