Black + White = Not White: A minority bias in categorizations of Black-White multiracials

Chen, Jacqueline M.; Pauker, Kristin; Gaither, Sarah E.; Hamilton, David L.; Sherman, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.002

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For each statement that had been made, participants were asked to identify the person who said it. Replicating Taylor et al's () classic finding, Chen, Pauker, et al () found that participants were more likely to misattribute statements made by a Black person to another Black person than to a White person (and a parallel pattern of within‐race confusion for White speakers), suggesting that they categorized the speakers by race in the first phase without any explicit instruction to do so. Most importantly, participants were more likely to misattribute statements made by an ambiguous person to another ambiguous person than to a Black or White person.…”

Section: Heuristics and Biases In Applying Monoracial Categories To Mmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In Experiment 1, Chen, Pauker, et al (2018) used the classic Who Said What paradigm (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) to investigate implicit racial categorization. First, participants believed they were taking part in a memory experiment and viewed Black, White, and Black-White racially ambiguous individuals paired with different statements made by those individuals.…”

Section: Hypodescent and The Minority Bias In The Categorization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of Experiments 1-2 led Chen, Pauker, et al (2018) to posit that racially ambiguous faces are categorized according to a minority bias. Specifically, when people encounter Black-White ambiguous individuals, they quickly judge them to be "non-White" and then generate plausible minority categories to which they could belong.…”

Section: Hypodescent and The Minority Bias In The Categorization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

Chen

2018

Social & Personality Psych

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In approximately 30 years, up to one in five Americans will be mixed race. How monoracial people perceive multiracials will become a critical aspect of race relations in the United States. This demographic shift highlights the need to broaden social psychological theories and investigations to understand multiracial person perception. This article reviews existing research on how people perceive, and remember mixed‐race people, with attention to how these findings contribute to our understanding of racial categorization, impression formation, and intergroup relations. People categorize multiracial people according to the principles of hypodescent (Black + White = Black), the minority bias (Black + White = not White), and by adopting a novel category (Black + White = Multiracial). The particular categorization of a multiracial target depends on several factors, including availability of target information (ancestry, facial appearance), the accessibility of different racial categories, perceiver motives, and the broader cultural context. Downstream implications of these categorization processes are discussed, and future directions are highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to think about race as a multifaceted concept that includes many components (appearance, identity, ancestry, and perceived) that are not necessarily one‐to‐one, especially for mixed‐race individuals.

show abstract

Section: Heuristics and Biases In Applying Monoracial Categories To Mmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Hypodescent and The Minority Bias In The Categorization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypodescent and The Minority Bias In The Categorization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

Chen

2018

Social & Personality Psych

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This highlights the salience of group membership, and its implication for intergroup relations and the policing of group boundaries. Similarly, outside of SRT, research by Peery and Bodenhausen (2008) and Chen et al (2018) in the US showed a minority bias where multiracial participants were more likely to be categorized as 'black' or 'not white.' However, the samples barely included any black participants.…”

Section: Collective Action and Joint Intentionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Social Re-presentation for…’: An Action-Oriented Formula for Intergroup Relations Research

Buhagiar

Sammut

2020

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intergroup relations are of crucial importance in contemporary times, with concerns around social representations, social influence and collective action remaining salient. A core aspect of intergroup conflict revolves around the notion of joint projects, whereby different collectives seek to promote their own project through processes of joint intentionality. Nonetheless, we contend that intergroup relations research can tackle the notion of projects more fruitfully by studying the mutual understandings of projects of groups in conflict. Accordingly, we propose an action-oriented reformulation for intergroup relations research, which is contrasted with the standard object-oriented formula. Object-oriented research either (a) emphasizes the study of social objects without regard for their different construal by members of conflicting groups, or (b) focuses on 'social representations of' the objects in question, without regard for the projects that such representations serve. Contrastingly, action-oriented research (a) seeks to understand a collective's 'social re-presentation for' a specific project; and (b) studies the social and alternative re-presentation of objects and projects as a systemic product of intergroup relations. We then present illustrative examples of objectoriented research, followed by a study concerning Arab-Maltese relations in Malta as an example of action-oriented research. We end by making recommendations for future research on intergroup relations, with the aim of shedding light on the processes that bind coalitions for collective action.

show abstract

“…Since the U.S. Supreme Court repealed the anti‐miscegenation laws in 1967, the number of multiracial individuals and families has risen significantly (U.S. Census, ), and with it, so too has research studying this population. This work has largely focused on how perceivers racially categorize multiracial individuals (e.g., J. M. Chen, Pauker, Gaither, Hamilton, & Sherman, ), how multiracial individuals racially self‐identify (e.g., Pauker, Meyers, Sanchez, Gaither, & Young, ), and the unique hardships and negative psychological outcomes associated with multiracial identity. Such hardships include disapproving social attitudes (Field, Kimuna, & Straus, ), disapproval from relatives (Root, ), exclusion from neighborhood and community (McNamara, Tempenis, & Walton, ), and psychological distress (Bratter & Eschbach, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience

Shih

Wilton

Does

et al. 2019

Social & Personality Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Much of the research on multiracial individuals has focused on the impact of a multiracial background on psychological well‐being. This work, often using clinical samples, identified a higher prevalence of negative psychological outcomes among multiracial individuals, such as low self‐esteem, poor grades, or self‐hatred, and has emphasized that these negative outcomes stem from the unique challenges associated with navigating multiple racial identities. However, research on nonclinical samples finds that multiracial individuals fare as well as monoracial individuals on these, and other, outcomes. We put forth a synthesizing theory aimed at understanding how multiracial individuals develop adaptive coping strategies, which help them learn to navigate multiple identities and maintain positive psychological outcomes. In the current contribution, we build on existing research to theorize that multiracial individuals can engage in two psychological strategies that increase resilience: (a) switching between multiple racial identities and (b) reduced essentializing of race. Evidence and consequences of these two strategies are discussed. Taken together, in contrast to traditional depletion models of coping, this work highlights the unique experience of multiracial individuals and the potential psychological benefits of belonging to multiple racial groups in a racialized world.

show abstract

Black + White = Not White: A minority bias in categorizations of Black-White multiracials

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

‘Social Re-presentation for…’: An Action-Oriented Formula for Intergroup Relations Research

Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Black + White = Not White: A minority bias in categorizations of Black-White multiracials

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals

‘Social Re-presentation for…’: An Action-Oriented Formula for Intergroup Relations Research

Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Black + White = Not White: A minority bias in categorizations of Black-White multiracials