Black-white regional migration and the impact of education: a multinomial logit analysis

Krieg, Randall G.

doi:10.1007/bf01581659

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Given the differential historical migration patterns for black and white people, 22,23 race-stratified analyses were conducted, adjusting for age and sex. Because of missing stroke data due to ongoing adjudication and differential retrieval of medical records, we applied multiple imputation techniques to classify potential stroke events using a logistic function predicting the likelihood that an attempted record retrieval would result in an adjudicated stroke.…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of duration and age at exposure to the Stroke Belt on incident stroke in adulthood

Howard¹,

McClure²,

Glymour³

et al. 2013

Neurology

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Objective: To assess whether there are differences in the strength of association with incident stroke for specific periods of life in the Stroke Belt (SB).Methods: The risk of stroke was studied in 24,544 black and white stroke-free participants, aged 451, in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study, a national populationbased cohort enrolled [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Incident stroke was defined as first occurrence of stroke over an average 5.8 years of follow-up. Residential histories (city/state) were obtained by questionnaire. SB exposure was quantified by combinations of SB birthplace and current residence and proportion of years in SB during discrete age categories (0-12, 13-18, 19-30, 31-45, last 20 years) and entire life. Proportional hazards models were used to establish association of incident stroke with indices of exposure to SB, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic (SES), and stroke risk factors.Results: In the demographic and SES models, risk of stroke was significantly associated with proportion of life in the SB and with all other exposure periods except birth, ages 31-45, and current residence. The strongest association was for the proportion of the entire life in SB. After adjustment for risk factors, the risk of stroke remained significantly associated only with proportion of residence in SB in adolescence (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.37).Conclusions: Childhood emerged as the most important period of vulnerability to SB residence as a predictor of future stroke. Improvement in childhood health circumstances should be considered as part of long-term health improvement strategies in the SB. The Stroke Belt region (SB) in the southeastern United States has higher stroke mortality than the rest of the United States, 1,2 and national data suggest that similar regional differences exist in stroke incidence. [3][4][5][6] There are several hypothesized reasons for this but data for testing the underlying factors are limited. 2 Research to date has shown that only a portion of the higher stroke mortality can be explained by traditional risk factors.7-10 SB has been defined using state of residence at time of death. Population migration may contribute to differences in regional mortality rates but few US studies have considered the impact of population redistribution on geographic disparities in stroke incidence and mortality.11-14 Some, 12-14 but not all, 11 studies have shown that birthplace is associated with cardiovascular mortality, with individuals born in the Southeast having higher rates than those born in other regions of the United States. With respect to stroke incidence, one national study showed increased incidence of self-reported stroke associated with living in the SB during childhood. 6 It is not known whether there is a "sensitive period" for residence in the SB, i.e., a developmental period during which SB exposure has the greatest consequences for later stroke risk, or whether stroke risk accumulates with each additiona...

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Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of duration and age at exposure to the Stroke Belt on incident stroke in adulthood

Howard¹,

McClure²,

Glymour³

et al. 2013

Neurology

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“…However, in a certain context this is not true (Krieg 1993). The likelihood of being a migrant 4 Because we treat independent migrants as individuals who came from the same COGRP or PUMA in 1980 or 1990, there is a possibility of some having lived separately at the outset of either period.…”

Section: Independent Variables: Human Capital/life-cycle Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is not an unusual ®nding given that previous studies have found a higher propensity among women to migrate than among men, depending upon the various contexts. For example, Krieg (1993) reports that women's propensity to migrate is much stronger than men's towards the areas of the West and Northeast which are more urbanized. Highly urbanized areas, in general, provide a more favorable industrial environment (e.g., service, retail sales), which is generally thought to be more advantageous for women's employment (Isserman and Rephann 1993).…”

Section: Stayers (S)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and linked migration: Individual return of employment opportunity and household return of poverty status to African American interstate migration

Lee¹,

Zhee

2001

Ann Reg Sci

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The thrust of this study is to describe and contrast the determinants and outcomes of African-American interstate migration. We examine two types of migration outcomes – individual return to employment probability and household level return to poverty status. We investigate these motivations and outcomes based on a new typology of migration through the lens of household change that accompanies migration. We specify a pairwise two-stage probit model incorporating individual and state-level variables using Public Use Micro Sample data and various ecological data in the US. We show that independent migrants move to other states envisioning economic models of migration with migration as a derived response to opportunities, pressures, and constraints imposed by spatial inequalities in socioeconomic development. On the other hand, we demonstrate that linked migrants move to other states also for their economic need, but via kinship. In this case, the linked migrants' path does not follow the general pattern of economic circumstances. We show that household composition is an important factor that influences the destination choice for African Americans. While independent migrants are more concerned with diverse economic conditions at destinations, kinship, other ties and household structure at destinations are more significant factors for linked migrants. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001JEL classification: J15, J61, R23,

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“…We expect that the likelihood of migration and homeownership should increase with higher education. In general, the well-educated are more likely to make long-distance moves (Greenwood 1975;Krieg 1993).…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What If Immigrants Had Not Migrated?

Lee

Myers

et al. 2005

American J Econ Sociol

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Despite strong theoretical arguments and models about international migration, very few empirical studies rigorously test these arguments and models. The purpose of the present study is to analyze determinants and consequences for international migration, focusing particularly on the returns to post-hoc international migration. The present study compares residential well-being of Korean international migrants in the United States with that of their hypothetical well-being if they had not migrated. Our suggested models of the selectivity corrected returns to various characteristics for immigrants and nonimmigrants enable us to estimate the "opportunity well-being" of individuals and households; that is, the well-being of immigrants-had-they-stayed and of nonimmigrants-if-they-hadimmigrated. The data for our analyses are drawn from the 1990 Korea Census Data and the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) of the 1990 U.S. Census. In either case of migrants-had-they-stayed or of nonimmigrants-had-they-migrated, international migration to the United States has a significant and positive effect on the probability of homeownership, especially for women. The results show that the predicted probability of homeownership attainment increases as a result of migration by 15 percent to 16 percent for women and by 8 percent for men. The study concludes that migrating to the United

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Black-white regional migration and the impact of education: a multinomial logit analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of duration and age at exposure to the Stroke Belt on incident stroke in adulthood

Effect of duration and age at exposure to the Stroke Belt on incident stroke in adulthood

Independent and linked migration: Individual return of employment opportunity and household return of poverty status to African American interstate migration

What If Immigrants Had Not Migrated?

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