Blackout Analysis of Small Cone-Shaped Reentry Vehicles

Blackout analysis of Mars entry missions

“…In addition, accounting for multi-temperature models further increases the dimension of the system to be solved. Regarding Earth reentry missions, Ramjatan et al performed CFD simulations of small cone-shaped reentry vehicles involving different cone angles, altitudes and velocities to examine the feasibility of communicating during the blackout phase (Ramjatan et al 2016). Simulations were done in chemical non-equilibrium with 11 chemical species with 26 chemical reactions.…”

“…Afterwards, electron production diminishes due to the now low-speed capsule. Subsequently, to model the electromagnetic wave propagation through the plasma, one can use various methods including the plasma frequency approach (Morabito 2002;Morabito et al 2014;Ramjatan et al 2016), geometrical optics or ray tracing (Delfino 2004;Vecchi et al 2004), or using a finite differencing scheme to solve the Maxwell equations directly (Takahashi et al 2016). The plasma frequency method is the simplest while other complex methods involve direct simulation of the radio wave as it traverses the plasma.…”

“…2014; Ramjatan et al. 2016), geometrical optics or ray tracing (Delfino 2004; Vecchi et al. 2004), or using a finite differencing scheme to solve the Maxwell equations directly (Takahashi et al.…”

“…performed CFD simulations of small cone-shaped reentry vehicles involving different cone angles, altitudes and velocities to examine the feasibility of communicating during the blackout phase (Ramjatan et al. 2016). Simulations were done in chemical non-equilibrium with 11 chemical species with 26 chemical reactions.…”

Magnus Effect on a Spinning Satellite in Low Earth Orbit

“…In addition, Rubinow et al presents a relationship for the torque on the sphere as shown in Eq. (12).…”