Bladder and upper urinary tract cancers as first and second primary cancers

Abstract

Background: Previous population-based studies on second primary cancers (SPCs) in urothelial cancers have focused on known risk factors in bladder cancer patients without data on other urothelial sites of the renal pelvis or ureter.Aims: To estimate sex-specific risks for any SPCs after urothelial cancers, and in reverse order, for urothelial cancers as SPCs after any cancer. Such two-way analysis may help interpret the results. Methods:We employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate bidirectional relative risks of subsequent cancer associated with urothelial cancers. Patient data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1990 through 2015.Results: We identified 46 234 urinary bladder cancers (75% male), 940 ureteral cancers (60% male), and 2410 renal pelvic cancers (57% male). After male bladder cancer, SIRs significantly increased for 9 SPCs, most for ureteral (SIR 41.9) and renal pelvic (17.2) cancers. In the reversed order (bladder cancer as SPC), 10 individual FPCs were associated with an increased risk; highest associations were noted after renal pelvic (21.0) and ureteral (20.9) cancers. After female bladder cancer, SIRs of four SPCs were significantly increased, most for ureteral (87.8) and pelvic (35.7) cancers. Female bladder, ureteral, and pelvic cancers associated are with endometrial cancer.

Risk of extracolonic second primary cancers following a primary colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“… . Stomach: 751 Pancreas: 137 Ovary: 34 1.37 (1.28–1.47) 1.21 (1.02–1.43) 1.83 (1.27–2.56) 7 Ye et al [ 35 ] Retrospective cohort study Australia; Tasmanian Cancer Registry Men and women with a diagnosis of cancer > 2 months; aged > 15 years 1980–2009; 6.9 years (mean) 51,802 28,242 (54.5%) 23,560 (45.5%) 66.2 (median) Lung: 121 Skin: 80 Prostate: 182 1.13 (0.80–1.58) 1.88 (1.38–2.55) 1.15 (0.90–1.48) 8 Zheng et al [ 37 ] Retrospective cohort study Sweden; Swedish Cancer Registry Men and women with a diagnosis of bladder or upper urinary tract cancer 1990–2015; average follow-up unknown 49,584 36,614 (74%) 12,970 (26.0%) 73 (median) Urinary bladder: 521 Kidney: 22 1.11 (1.02 –1.21) 1.32 (0.83–1.54) 8 Zheng et al [ 38 ] Retrospective cohort study Sweden; Swedish Cancer Registry Men and women with a diagnosis of hepatobiliary cancer 1990–2015; 36 months (median) 19,995 10,102 (64.9%) 9893 (49.5%) 72 (median) Gallbladder: 44 Bile duct: 61 0.85 (0.61–1.14) 1.20 (0.92–1.54) 8 *Newcastle–Ottawa Scale ratings ≥ 6 were considered high quality …”

“…The risk of several second primary cancers was significantly higher in patients with CRC compared with the general population’s risk of developing respective primary cancers. The risk of subsequent malignancies was greatest in the small intestine (pooled SIR = 4.26 (95% CI = 2.58–7.01; p < 0.0001)) from four studies [ 18 , 21 , 32 , 33 ]; followed by the female genitals (1.88 (1.07–3.31; p = 0.03)) from three studies [ 16 , 32 , 34 ]; kidney (1.50 (1.19–1.89; p = 0.0007)) from seven studies [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 32 – 34 , 37 ]; thyroid (1.40 (1.28–1.53; p < 0.0001)) from three studies [ 33 , 34 , 36 ]; skin (melanoma) (1.28 (1.01–1.62; p = 0.04)) from eight studies [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 30 , 32 – 35 ]; stomach 1.22 ((1.07–1.39; p = 0.003)) from seven studies [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 27 , 32 – 34 ]; urinary bladder (1.19 (1.06–1.33; p < 0.0001)) from seven studies [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 32 – 34 , 37 ]; and lung, bronchi, and mediastinum (1.16 (1.01–1.32; p = 0.03)) from seven studies [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 32 – 35 ]; Fig. 2 .…”

“…1). Thirteen studies published between 1999 and 2021, including 7,716,750 patients (2.01 × 10 9 person-years) with CRC that reported extracolonic SPCs cancer incidence, were included in the metaanalysis according to our inclusion criteria [16,18,21,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The median Newcastle-Ottawa rating for the studies included was 8 (interquartile range (IQR) (7)(8)).…”

Discovery of potential FGFR3 inhibitors via QSAR, pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and molecular docking studies against bladder cancer

“…As a kind of urothelial cancer, bladder cancer is the utmost prevalent malignancy comprising the urinary system and the ninth most common malignancy worldwide [ 3 ]. Histologically, bladder cancer can categorize into three main kinds: metastatic bladder cancer, muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive [ 4 ].…”

Comparing survival in urinary tract cancer patients with various second primary malignancies: A population-based study

“…The number of new occurrences and deaths of malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract (MNUT) has increased year by year, with figures for bladder and kidney neoplasms reaching 1.005 million and 392,000, respectively (1). Benefiting from the great advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment methods for MNUT, the survival rate of patients is gradually improving (2,3). Studies have shown that second primary malignancy (SPM) is a serious and potentially fatal long-term complication of cancer patients, which places a heavier burden on the survival of patients with MNUT (4).…”