Bladder Augmentation and the Risk of Carcinoma

Abstract

Augmentation cystoplasty is the gold standard for increasing bladder capacity and improving bladder compliance in patients with refractory neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Significant long-term complications of this procedure do occur, however. The potential risk of bladder or bowel patch malignancy is concerning. The early literature has reviewed the associated risk involved with infectious sources of bladder dysfunction and augmentation. There is a paucity of data on outcomes of augmentation for noninfectious etiologies. This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk, and incidence rates as they correlate with bowel segment used, histology, risk factors, and screening recommendations for bladder augmentation-associated malignancies of noninfectious etiologies.