Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions among Canadian men

Latifovic, Lidija; Villeneuve, Paul J.; Parent, Marie‐Élise; Johnson, Kenneth C.; Kachuri, Linda; Harris, Shelley A.

doi:10.1002/cam4.544

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…urban police officers, street vendors) and bladder cancer risk were reported . There were also positive associations with occupational exposure to diesel or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons specifically …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study

Turner

Gràcia-Lavedán

Cirac

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although outdoor air pollution and particulate matter in outdoor air have been consistently linked with increased lung cancer risk, the evidence for associations at other cancer sites is limited. Bladder cancer shares several risk factors with lung cancer and some positive associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk have been observed. This study examined associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk in the large‐scale Spanish Bladder Cancer Study. Estimates of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were assigned to the geocoded participant residence of 938 incident bladder cancer cases and 973 hospital controls based on European multicity land‐use regression models. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. Overall, there was no clear association between either ambient PM2.5 (OR per 5.9 μg/m3 = 1.06, 95% CI 0.71–1.60) or NO2 (OR per 14.2 μg/m3 = 0.97, 95% CI 0.84–1.13) concentrations and incident bladder cancer risk. There was no clear evidence for effect modification according to age group, sex, region, education, cigarette smoking status, or pack‐years. Results were also similar among more residentially stable participants and in two‐pollutant models. Overall, there was no clear evidence for associations of ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and incident bladder cancer risk. Further research in other large‐scale population studies is needed with detailed information on measured or modeled estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations and individual level risk factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study

Turner

Gràcia-Lavedán

Cirac

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Increased odds of bladder cancer were observed with higher cigarette pack-years (p-trend < 0.0001). Bladder cancer cases were more likely to have ever been occupationally exposed to high concentrations of diesel engine emissions (previously reported in [45]), and to have self-reported exposure to mineral/lube oil, welding dust, benzene and benzidine at work. Selfreported exposure to wood dust at work was not related to bladder cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…To ensure consistency when coding the bladder cancer series, jobexposure profiles describing the chemical coding distributions for individual job titles previously assigned to controls were used as general guidelines. The exposure assessment approach involved an expert review by the same team who coded the controls, based on job descriptions, which has previously been described in detail [44,45]. The assignment of exposures was based on information collected for 12,367 jobs across three dimensions: concentration, frequency, and reliability.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica and asbestos exposure at work and the risk of bladder cancer in Canadian men: a population-based case-control study

Latifovic¹,

Villeneuve²,

Parent³

et al. 2020

BMC Cancer

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Background: Silica and asbestos are recognized lung carcinogens. However, their role in carcinogenesis at other organs is less clear. Clearance of inhaled silica particles and asbestos fibers from the lungs may lead to translocation to sites such as the bladder where they may initiate carcinogenesis. We used data from a Canadian populationbased case-control study to evaluate the associations between these workplace exposures and bladder cancer. Methods: Data from a population-based case-control study were used to characterize associations between workplace exposure to silica and asbestos and bladder cancer among men. Bladder cancer cases (N = 658) and age-frequency matched controls (N = 1360) were recruited within the National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System from eight Canadian provinces . Exposure concentration, frequency and reliability for silica and asbestos were assigned to each job, based on lifetime occupational histories, using a combination of job-exposure profiles and expert review. Exposure was modeled as ever/never, highest attained concentration, duration (years), highest attained frequency (% worktime) and cumulative exposure. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using adjusted logistic regression. Results: A modest (approximately 20%) increase in bladder cancer risk was found for ever having been exposed to silica, highest attained concentration and frequency of exposure but this increase was not statistically significant. Relative to unexposed, the odds of bladder cancer were 1.41 (95%CI: 1.01-1.98) times higher among men exposed to silica at work for ≥27 years. For asbestos, relative to unexposed, an increased risk of bladder cancer was observed for those first exposed ≥20 years ago (OR:2.04, 95%CI:1.25-3.34), those with a frequency of exposure of 5-30% of worktime (OR:1.45, 95%CI:1.06-1.98), and for those with < 10 years of exposure at low concentrations (OR:1.75, 95%CI:1.10-2.77) and the lower tertile of cumulative exposure (OR:1.69, 95%CI:1.07-2.65). However, no clear exposure-response relationships emerged. Conclusions: Our results indicate a slight increase in risk of bladder cancer with exposure to silica and asbestos, suggesting that the effects of these agents are broader than currently recognized. The findings from this study inform evidence-based action to enhance cancer prevention efforts, particularly for workers in industries with regular exposure.

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“…Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) consists of a complex mixture of gaseous components and particulate matter (1), with a varying composition depending on factors such as the engine type, operating conditions, and the use (or not) of an emissions control system (2). Diesel engines are widely used in both on-road and offroad applications, including in power generators, heavy equipment, and vehicles such as buses and trucks (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely to reflect the mix of industry sectors in each country. Higher prevalence of exposure has been estimated among workers in occupations such as drivers, miners, firefighters, and mechanics (2,9). Exposure to DEE contributes substantially to the burden of occupational cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to Reduce Future Cancer Incidence from Diesel Engine Exhaust: What Might Work?

Carey¹,

Fritschi²,

Driscoll³

et al. 2019

Cancer Prevention Research

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Exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) contributes appreciably to the burden of occupational cancer. This study aims to estimate the potential impact of a range of interventions on the future burden of cancer from occupational exposure to DEE in Australia. The future excess fraction method, a novel method based on the lifetime risk approach, was used to model changes in the future burden of cancer among the Australian working age population exposed to DEE at work in 2012 under various intervention strategies. The interventions modeled were based on the widely accepted hierarchy of control model. At baseline, 600 (0.4%) future bladder and 4,450 (0.6%) future lung cancer cases over the lifetime of the cohort were estimated to be attributable to occupational exposure to DEE in those exposed in 2012. Up to 2,000 of these cases were estimated to be avoidable through the use of various interventions. Exhaust hoses (engineering controls) were estimated to be particularly effective. This study provides an indication of which intervention strategies may be most useful in reducing the future burden of cancer associated with occupational DEE exposure. These results show the potential effect of changing current exposure, rather than focusing on past exposures, and thus provide relevant information for policy planning.

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Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions among Canadian men

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study

Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study

Silica and asbestos exposure at work and the risk of bladder cancer in Canadian men: a population-based case-control study

Interventions to Reduce Future Cancer Incidence from Diesel Engine Exhaust: What Might Work?

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