Bladder cancer risk in sales workers: Artefact or cause for concern?

Mannetje, Andrea ’t; Pearce, Neil

doi:10.1002/ajim.20267

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, we do not believe that we were able to fully examine risk among truck drivers due to errors with the translation of job titles into Spanish during our interview, as tractor-trailer and other heavy trucks were not clearly distinguished from delivery and other light trucks. In addition, we did not observe a strong association between bladder cancer risk and sales occupations, a relationship which has been reported in previous studies 2 30…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case–control study in Spain

et al. 2007

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Objectives: We investigated the association between occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based casecontrol study conducted in Spain. Methods: 1219 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and 1271 controls selected from 18 hospitals in Spain between June 1998 and September 2000 provided detailed information on life-time occupational history, smoking habits, medical history, and other factors. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each occupation and industry, adjusting for age, hospital region, smoking duration, and employment in a high-risk occupation for bladder cancer. Results: Statistically significant increased risks were observed among men employed as machine operators in the printing industry (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.6 to 17.7), among men employed in the transportation equipment industry (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6) and among those who had worked for >10 years in the electrical/gas/sanitary services (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 10.4) and in hotels and other lodgings (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.3). Men who worked as miscellaneous mechanics and repairers (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6) and as supervisors in production occupations (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6) also had excess risks for bladder cancer. Male farmers and those who worked in crop and livestock production had decreased risks for bladder cancer. We found no significant associations between occupation or industry and bladder cancer risk among women. Conclusions: We did not observe excess bladder cancer risk for many of the occupations identified as being a priori at high risk. Examination of more detailed job exposure information should help clarify these associations.Although more than 40 different occupations have been associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer, the evidence for most occupations is unclear.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case–control study in Spain

et al. 2007

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“…A large number of epidemiological studies have reported positive associations between bladder cancer and sales occupations. A recent meta‐analysis30 concluded that publication bias explained most of the reported increased bladder cancer risk in men, but sales work still appeared to be associated with a small risk in women. However, the current study found little overall evidence of an increased risk; there was a nonsignificantly increased risk in men (OR 1.60), whereas there was a significantly reduced risk in women (OR 0.42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current study found little overall evidence of an increased risk; there was a nonsignificantly increased risk in men (OR 1.60), whereas there was a significantly reduced risk in women (OR 0.42). Possible causal factors include lower frequency of urination and reduced fluid intake 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found a nonsignificantly increased risk in women for the occupational category of ‘market farmers and crop growers’ (OR 2.05) and a significantly increased risk for the industry category of ‘horticulture and fruit growing’ (OR 3.03). An excess of bladder cancer has been shown in female field, crop and vegetable farm workers,30 gardeners31 and in workers using insecticides32, 33 and herbicides,34 but was not found in a meta‐analysis of cancer among farmers 35. 't Mannetje et al 25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case‐control study of high risk occupations for bladder cancer in New Zealand

Dryson

Mannetje

Walls

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We conducted a nationwide case-control study of bladder cancer in adult New Zealanders to identify occupations that may contribute to the risk of bladder cancer in the New Zealand population. A total of 213 incident cases of bladder cancer (age 25-70 years) notified to the New Zealand Cancer Registry during 2003 and 2004, and 471 population controls, were interviewed face-to-face. The questionnaire collected demographic information and a full occupational history. The relative risks for bladder cancer associated with ever being employed in particular occupations and industries were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking and socio-economic status. Estimates were subsequently semi-Bayes adjusted to account for the large number of occupations and industries being considered. An elevated bladder cancer risk was observed for hairdressers (odds ratio (OR) 9.15 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.60-62.22), and sewing machinists (OR 3.07 95%CI 1.35-6.96). Significantly increased risks were not observed for several other occupations that have been reported in previous studies, including sales assistants (OR 1.03 95%CI 0.64-1.67), painters and paperhangers (OR 1.42 95%CI 0.56-3.60), sheet metal workers (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00), printing trades workers (OR 1.11 95%CI 0.41-3.05) and truck drivers (OR 1.36 95%CI 0.60-3.09), although the elevated odds ratios for painters, printers and truck drivers are consistent with excesses observed in other studies. Nonsignificantly increased risks were observed for tailors and dressmakers (OR 2.84 95%CI 0.62-13.05), rubber and plastics products machine operators (OR 2.82 95%CI 0.75-10.67), building workers (OR 2.15,, and female market farmers and crop growers (OR 2.05 95%CI 0.72-5.83). In conclusion, this study has confirmed that hairdressers and sewing machinists are high risk occupations for bladder cancer in New Zealand, and has identified several other occupations and industries of high bladder cancer risk that merit further study. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…The findings in this Swedish study and the present study are not independent due to marked overlap in the data between these studies. The meta-analysis by 't Mannetje and Pearce 23 reported a smoking-adjusted excess risk of bladder cancer among female sales workers. The study observed positive causal association with duration of employment among sales workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational variation in incidence of bladder cancer: a comparison of population-representative cohorts from Nordic countries and Canada

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare occupational variation of the risk of bladder cancer in the Nordic countries and Canada.MethodsIn the Nordic Occupational Cancer study (NOCCA), 73 653 bladder cancer cases were observed during follow-up of 141.6 million person-years. In the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC), 8170 cases were observed during the follow-up of 36.7 million person-years. Standardised incidence ratios with 95% CI were estimated for 53 occupations in the NOCCA cohort and HR with 95% CIs were estimated for 42 occupations in the CanCHEC.ResultsElevated risks of bladder cancer were observed among hairdressers, printers, sales workers, plumbers, painters, miners and laundry workers. Teachers and agricultural workers had reduced risk of bladder cancer in both cohorts. Chimney-sweeps, tobacco workers and waiters had about 1.5-fold risk in the Nordic countries; no risk estimates for these categories were given from the CanCHEC cohort.ConclusionWe observed different occupational patterns in risk of bladder cancer in Nordic countries and Canada. The only occupation with similarly increased risk was observed among sales workers. Differences in smoking across occupational groups may explain some, but not all, of this variation.

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Bladder cancer risk in sales workers: Artefact or cause for concern?

Abstract: Publication bias explained most of the reported increased bladder cancer risk, but sales-work still appeared to be associated with a small risk in women. Possible causal factors include lower frequency of urination and reduced fluid intake.

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case–control study in Spain

Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case–control study in Spain

Case‐control study of high risk occupations for bladder cancer in New Zealand

Occupational variation in incidence of bladder cancer: a comparison of population-representative cohorts from Nordic countries and Canada

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