Bladder Dysfunction and Pelvic Pain: The Role of Sacral, Tibial, and Pudendal Neuromodulation

Updates in pelvic neuromodulation: the role of pelvic neuromodulation in pelvic disorders

“…The use of SNM has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of fecal incontinence, chronic non-obstructive urinary retention, and medication refractory overactive bladder (OAB), whereas PTNS is solely approved for the treatment of OAB (9,10). The FDA has not yet granted approval for PNM (S2-S4 nerve roots) to treat lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) (10,11). Off-label application of these methods is currently used as a therapeutic approach for a number of urinary and non-urinary pelvic floor disorders, including neurogenic lower urinary tract disorders, pudendal neuralgia, interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS), chronic pelvic pain (CPP), and sexual dysfunction (12).…”