Bladder problems associated with neurological disease

Abstract

A neurogenic bladder is defined as dysfunction of the bladder secondary to known disease of, or injury to, the central, peripheral or autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction can cause urinary symptoms for the patient as well as increasing the risk of developing recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder calculi and potentially life-threatening complications including sepsis and renal failure. Therefore, it is important for GPs to have a solid understanding of the aetiology, pathophysiology, assessment and management of this condition in order to improve patients’ symptom control and attempt to prevent long-term complications.

State of the Art of Non-Invasive Technologies for Bladder Monitoring: A Scoping Review

“…Recent advancements in technology have led to the development of new and innovative non-invasive methods for both UI management and BUV monitoring, in addition to the several already well-known and used methods supporting patients suffering from UI. Examples include (1) pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises), which can help to strengthen the muscles that control the flow of urine [27]; (2) bladder training, which can help to improve the ability to hold urine and avoid accidents [28]; (3) measurement of urine pH, urine flow rate, and post-void residual urine volume, which helps in the evaluation of bladder function [29,30], and (4) pharmaceuticals, which help to relax the bladder muscles and reduce symptoms of incontinence [31,32]. Wearable devices such as urinary collection devices and external catheters are also promising ways to improve UI management among females and older people.…”