Blank Cartridge Injury of the Cornea

Runyan, Thomas E.; Ewald, Roger A.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040692024

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Blank cartridge consists of steel cartridge case, freely poured nitrocellulose gunpowder filling and the initial powder charge primer [1,7]. Blank cartridge injuries commonly occur in "mock wars" during Army training [1,2,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blank cartridge injuries commonly occur in "mock wars" during Army training [1,2,7]. Previous published articles [7,8] reported that corneal foreign bodies were chemically inert and do not excite an inflammatory reaction. Runyan and Ewald [7] reported that epithelial damage and endothelial edema resolved in 24–72 hours without apparent residual effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous published articles [7,8] reported that corneal foreign bodies were chemically inert and do not excite an inflammatory reaction. Runyan and Ewald [7] reported that epithelial damage and endothelial edema resolved in 24–72 hours without apparent residual effects. They suggested that blank cartridge injury of the cornea is observed following an explosion generating small missiles with insufficient density or velocity for deep penetration or perforation [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant concussional force is also transmitted to the endothelium though the corneal stroma [7]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous articles reported that corneal foreign bodies were chemically inert and do not excite an inflammatory reaction [7,8]. Even though, Runyan and Ewald reported that blank cartridge did not penetrate the ocular surface and epithelial damage and endothelial edema resolved in 24–72 hours without apparent residual effects [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetrating ocular trauma associated with blank cartridge

Moon

Lim

2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundBlank cartridge guns are generally regarded as being harmless and relative safe. However recent published articles demonstrated that the gas pressure from the exploding propellant of blank cartridge is powerful enough to penetrate the thoracic wall, abdominal muscle, small intestine and the skull. And there has been a limited number of case reports of ocular trauma associated with blank cartridge injury. In addition, no report on case with split extraocular muscle injury with traumatic cataract and penetrating corneoscleral wound associated with blank cartridge has been previously documented. This report describes the case of patient who sustained penetrating ocular injury with extraocular muscle injury by a close-distance blank cartridge that required surgical intervention.Case presentationA 20-year-old man sustained a penetrating globe injury in the right eye while cleaning a blank cartridge pistol. His uncorrected visual acuity at presentation was hand motion and he had a flame burn of his right upper and lower lid with multiple missile wounds. On slit-lamp examination, there was a 12-mm laceration of conjunctiva along the 9 o'clock position with two pinhole-like penetrating injuries of cornea and sclera. There was also a 3-mm corneal laceration between 9 o'clock and 12 o'clock and the exposed lateral rectus muscle was split. Severe Descemet's membrane folding with stromal edema was observed, and numerous yellow, powder-like foreign bodies were impacted in the cornea. Layered anterior chamber bleeding with traumatic cataract was also noted. Transverse view of ultrasonography showed hyperechoic foreign bodies with mild reduplication echoes and shadowing. However, a computed tomographic scan using thin section did not reveal a radiopaque foreign body within the right globe.ConclusionTo our best knowledge, this is the first case report of split extraocular muscle injury with traumatic cataract and penetrating ocular injury caused by blank cartridge injury. Intraocular foreign bodies undetectable by CT were identified by B-scan ultrasonography in our patient. This case highlights the importance of additional ultrasonography when evaluating severe ocular trauma. And ophthalmologists should consider the possibility of penetrating injury caused by blank ammunition.

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