Blast furnace feedstock and coke oven chemical feedstock

Nomura, Seiji

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817880-5.00012-8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The kinetics of thermal degradation and the activation energy of PEs during TGA measurements in an argon environment have been reported, and equations have been presented to assess the phenomena occurring in polymeric materials during thermal degradation [106][107][108][109]. Additionally, solid carbon residue is not formed despite an inert atmosphere, which is a common behavior of Pes, as reported in the literature [110]. The behavior of HDPE at 250-300 • C, at the beginning of HDPE degradation, is a common behavior of HDPE in TGA measurements, as presented in the literature [111,112].…”

Section: Tga and Dsc Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Course of Titanium Nitride Nanofiller Loading in High-Density Polyethylene: Interpretation of Reinforcement Effects and Performance in Material Extrusion 3D Printing

Petousis,

Sagris,

Papadakis

et al. 2024

Polymers

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In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) was selected as an additive to a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix material, and four different nanocomposites were created with TiN loadings of 2.0–8.0 wt. % and a 2 wt. % increase step between them. The mixtures were made, followed by the fabrication of the respective filaments (through a thermomechanical extrusion process) and 3D-printed specimens (using the material extrusion (MEX) technique). The manufactured specimens were subjected to mechanical, thermal, rheological, structural, and morphological testing. Their results were compared with those obtained after conducting the same assessments on unfilled HDPE samples, which were used as the control samples. The mechanical response of the samples improved when correlated with that of the unfilled HDPE. The tensile strength improved by 24.3%, and the flexural strength improved by 26.5% (composite with 6.0 wt. % TiN content). The dimensional deviation and porosity of the samples were assessed with micro-computed tomography and indicated great results for porosity improvement, achieved with 6.0 wt. % TiN content in the composite. TiN has proven to be an effective filler for HDPE polymers, enabling the manufacture of parts with improved mechanical properties and quality.

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Section: Tga and Dsc Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Course of Titanium Nitride Nanofiller Loading in High-Density Polyethylene: Interpretation of Reinforcement Effects and Performance in Material Extrusion 3D Printing

Petousis,

Sagris,

Papadakis

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…) due to dissociation, sensible heat, reverse water-gas shift of the H 2 , incomplete combustion with the O 2 , and transfer of S to the slag, kcal/mol j q k heat absorbed at T R by the total H 2 in the furnace when considering that it is completely converted to H 2 O through the reverse water-gas shift reaction, kcal/mol H2 q mid energy consumption to heat the shaft injection to T R , kcal/ mol mid q Mn heat absorbed at T R by the reaction C + MnO→CO + Mn, kcal/mol O q P heat absorbed at T R by the reaction1/5P number of moles of CO produced via the direct reduction of Non-steel sectors, such as plastic consumers, are also an important sources of syngas for iron-making (in this case, the syngas would not be CO 2 -neutral). As occurred in the case of biomass, the utilization of waste plastic in ironmaking has been usually proposed in literature as a pulverized solid fuel injection [19][20][21], instead of as syngas injection. Nevertheless, waste plastic can be gasified to generate syngas and partially substitute coke and pulverized coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing different syngas for blast furnace ironmaking by using the extended operating line methodology

Bailera

2023

Fuel

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“…(b) Chemical or feedstock recycling (Bauer and Lehner, 2013; Garforth et al, 2004; Ignatyev et al, 2014; Nomura, 2020; Pohjakallio and Vuorinen, 2020; Ragaert et al, 2017; Soto et al, 2018): this type of recycling has a high potential for heterogeneous and contaminated plastic waste material if more intensive separation and processing than in case of mechanical recycling is neither economically nor technically feasible. A dry-mechanical pre-treatment of input materials is also necessary for chemical recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other important processes are pyrolysis, hydrogenation, gasification, and substitute reducing agents in the blast furnace process. The strict quality requirements for the input material are shown in Table 1, for example, for thermochemical conversion (ReOil-process) (Lechleitner et al, 2019) and the use as a reducing agent in the blast furnace process (Nomura, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

Möllnitz

Bauer²,

Schwabl³

et al. 2021

Waste Manag Res

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The recycling of source separated polyolefins (POs) (e.g., light weight packaging waste) is already state of the art. Therefore, further plastic materials contained in mixed wastes have become more important due to increasing legal pressure. Mixed commercial and municipal solid wastes contain large quantities of POs. These mixed wastes would usually be treated in waste incinerators or processed to refuse-derived fuel for cement plants. Large-scale experiments were conducted to assess the potential of such POs from these waste streams for recycling processes. The potential and applicability of a dry-mechanical and subsequently wet-mechanical (Wet-mechanical) processing with the aim of generating a PO concentrate for chemical recycling purposes was assessed. These investigations’ focus was put on the centrifugal force separator technology as the core element of Wet-mechanical processing. In addition to the input material, all output materials and process water streams were chemically and physically characterized to estimate potential treatment or recycling paths. Results demonstrate that a two-stage purification is necessary to produce POs with sufficient purity out of both wastes. Chlorine and heavy metal levels are simultaneously reduced. The increased quantity of impurities only slightly changes the density of the process waters. Process water analyses show that wastewater treatment is necessary before discharge into a receiving water or sewage treatment plant. The sediment does not fulfil any hazard-relevant properties, and different thermal treatment options are possible.

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Blast furnace feedstock and coke oven chemical feedstock

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Optimization Course of Titanium Nitride Nanofiller Loading in High-Density Polyethylene: Interpretation of Reinforcement Effects and Performance in Material Extrusion 3D Printing

Optimization Course of Titanium Nitride Nanofiller Loading in High-Density Polyethylene: Interpretation of Reinforcement Effects and Performance in Material Extrusion 3D Printing

Comparing different syngas for blast furnace ironmaking by using the extended operating line methodology

Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

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