Blast Wave Characteristics and TNT Equivalent of Improvised Explosive Device at Small scaled Distances

Chiquito, María; Castedo, Ricardo; López, Lina M.; Santos, Anastasio P.; Mancilla, Juan Manuel; Yenes, José Ignacio

doi:10.14429/dsj.69.13637

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To reproduce the explosive behavior in this software, the TNT equivalent is necessary, since the results are better with the accuracy of this calculation. Therefore, this work also has served to validate the methodology used in that calculation (Chiquito et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this work, only the mixture that resulted in a higher TNT equivalent in pressure was considered. More information about the tests is available in the paper by Chiquito et al (2019).…”

Section: Field Blast Testing Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this fitting, the key parameters of the positive phase can be extracted. See Chiquito et al (2019) and Rigby et al (2015) for more details. Finally, the TNT equivalent is calculated and the value obtained was 0,855.…”

Section: Field Blast Testing Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of grid convergence index to shock wave validated with LS-DYNA and ProsAir

et al. 2020

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The discretization error is not always calculated, even though it is essential for the studies of computational solid mechanics. However, it is well known that an error committed by the mesh used can be as large as the measured variable, which greatly invalidates the results obtained. The grid convergence index (GCI) method makes possible to determine on a solid basis, the order of convergence and the asymptotic solution. This method seems to be a suitable estimator despite further research is needed in the context of blast situations and finite element (FE) calculations. For this purpose, field trials were performed consisting in the detonation of a spherical hanging load of homemade explosive. The pressure generated by the shock wave was measured in different positions at two distances. With these data, a TNT equivalent has been obtained and used to calculate the shock propagation with the solvers LS-DYNA and ProsAir. This work aims to verify the GCI method by comparing its results with field data along with the simulations carried out. The comparison also seeks to validate the methodology used to obtain the TNT equivalent.This research shows that the GCI gives good results for both solvers despite the complexity of the physical problem. Besides, LS-DYNA displays better correlation with the experimental data than the ProsAir results, with an error of less than 10% in all values. RESUMENLa estimación del error de discretización no siempre se calcula, aunque es algo fundamental para el estudio de la mecánica computacional de los sólidos. Sin embargo, es bien sabido que el error cometido por la malla utilizada puede ser del mismo orden que la variable medida, lo que llega a invalidar los resultados obtenidos. El método del ındice de convergencia de la malla (GCI) permite determinar sobre una base sólida el orden de convergencia y la solución asintótica, por lo que parece ser un buen estimador, a pesar de que es necesario seguir investigando en el contexto de las situaciones de ondas de choque (explosivos) y de los cálculos de elementos finitos (FE). Para este fin, se realizaron pruebas de campo consistentes en la detonación de una carga esférica colgada de explosivo casero. La presión generada por la onda de choque se midió en diferentes posiciones a dos distancias. Con estos datos, se obtuvo un equivalente de TNT que se utilizó para calcular la propagación del choque con los programas LS-DYNA y ProsAir. Este trabajo pretende verificar el método GCI comparando sus resultados con los datos de campo junto con las simulaciones realizadas. También, la comparación busca validar la metodologıa empleada para la obtención del equivalente TNT.La investigación muestra que el GCI da buenos resultados para ambos programas a pesar de la complejidad del problema fısico. Además, el LS-DYNA produce una mejor correlación con los datos experimentales que los aportados por el ProsAir, con todos los valores por debajo del 10 % de error.Palabras clave: ındice de convergencia de malla (GCI), equivalente de TNT, LS-DYNA, ProsAir.How to ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this work, only the mixture that resulted in a higher TNT equivalent in pressure was considered. More information about the tests is available in the paper by Chiquito et al (2019).…”

Section: Field Blast Testing Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of grid convergence index to shock wave validated with LS-DYNA and ProsAir

et al. 2020

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“…Scaled distance [m/kg The explosive used was dynamite, with a TNT equivalent of 0.87 calculated following the methodology proposed by Chiquito et al [12] based on data provided by the UFC [13]. The load used in these tests could be classified according to the UFC as spherical when we have 1.74 kg of Eq.…”

Section: Test # Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field test and numerical modelling of RC slabs at different scaled distances with two types of external reinforcement

Martínez-Almajano¹,

Castedo²,

López³

et al. 2021

Int. J. CMEM

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This work deals with the response of eight reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, made at full-scale, some of them with the addition of externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP). The reinforcements were placed in all cases on the face opposite to the explosive detonation. Three scaled distances have been used from 0.83 m/kg 1/3 , in one test with no extra reinforcement; four tests were made with a scaled distance of 0.42 m/kg 1/3 : one without extra reinforcement, two with carbon fibre reinforcement (CFRP) and one with the E-glass fibre reinforcement (GFRP); finally, 0.21 m/kg 1/3 , in three trials, one without extra reinforcement, one with carbon fibre reinforcement and one with the E-GFRP. The first slab, used for calibration of the numerical models, was instrumented with pressure and acceleration sensors. For the validation of the other seven slabs, the damage surfaces on both sides of the slabs are used. In terms of numerical simulation performed with LS-DYNA, several models covering different solutions such as smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) or load blast enhanced have been performed for the description of the explosive, as well as the use of CSCM material models for concrete to analyse the best available solutions. The steel was modelled with the piecewise linear plasticity material, while the material laminated composite fabric was used for the FRP. Reinforcement with CFRP resulted in a generally reduced damage area on both surfaces. All models show a good correlation, including nonspherical charges made with SPH models, with the test results when comparing them with respect to acceleration and surface damage. SPH models work well for the high and medium scaled distance, but not so good for the shorter scaled distance.

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“…To mitigate this damage, reinforced concrete has been used as a material of choice for blast protective design around the world. Development of protective technologies for reinforced-concrete structures and inhabitants are reported in [2][3][4]. Most of the existing research in protective design of retrofitted or unretrofitted reinforced-concrete structures relies on computational modeling with scant experimental data available for verification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Records from Blast Tests of Ten Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Mendonça¹,

Urgessa

Augusto³

et al. 2020

CivilEng

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The design and evaluation of structures subjected to blast loads has increased steadily since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. While shock tube testing has filled some of the data gap by replicating blast waves in a controlled fashion, there is only scant field explosion data that is easily accessible for the structural engineering community for hypothesis testing or model validation. This paper summarizes experimental design, pre-test sensor verification, and data collection from 10 reinforced concrete slabs subjected to field explosions using a modest budget. The experimental record contains pressure, displacement, and acceleration measurements of each slab except in a few cases where the sensors have failed. The data is archived at George Mason Dataverse. Following detailed description of the experimental record for each slab, an example is provided in which the data can be utilized for finite element model verification.

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Blast Wave Characteristics and TNT Equivalent of Improvised Explosive Device at Small scaled Distances

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Application of grid convergence index to shock wave validated with LS-DYNA and ProsAir

Application of grid convergence index to shock wave validated with LS-DYNA and ProsAir

Field test and numerical modelling of RC slabs at different scaled distances with two types of external reinforcement

Experimental Records from Blast Tests of Ten Reinforced Concrete Slabs

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