Blast Waves in the Zero Temperature Hard Sphere Gas: Double Scaling Structure

Singh, Sahil Kumar; Chakraborti, Subhadip; Dhar, Abhishek; Krapivsky, P. L.

doi:10.1007/s10955-023-03127-1

J Stat Phys

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s10955-023-03127-1

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Blast Waves in the Zero Temperature Hard Sphere Gas: Double Scaling Structure

Sahil Kumar Singh

Subhadip Chakraborti

Abhishek Dhar

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 1 publication

References 34 publications

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Thermalization and Hydrodynamics in an Interacting Integrable System: The Case of Hard Rods

Singh,

Dhar,

Spohn

et al. 2024

J Stat Phys

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We consider the relaxation of an initial non-equilibrium state in a one-dimensional fluid of hard rods. Since it is an interacting integrable system, we expect it to reach the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) at long times for generic initial conditions. Here we show that there exist initial conditions for which the system does not reach GGE even at very long times and in the thermodynamic limit. In particular, we consider an initial condition of uniformly distributed hard-rods in a box with the left half having particles with a singular velocity distribution (all moving with unit velocity) and the right half particles in thermal equilibrium. We find that the density profile for the singular component does not spread to the full extent of the box and keeps moving with a fixed effective speed at long times. We show that such density profiles can be well described by the solution of the Euler equations almost everywhere except at the location of the shocks, where we observe slight discrepancies due to dissipation arising from the initial fluctuations of the thermal background. To demonstrate this effect of dissipation analytically, we consider a second initial condition with a single particle at the origin with unit velocity in a thermal background. We find that the probability distribution of the position of the unit velocity quasi-particle has diffusive spreading which can be understood from the solution of the Navier–Stokes (NS) equation of the hard rods. Finally, we consider an initial condition with a spread in velocity distribution for which we show convergence to GGE. Our conclusions are based on molecular dynamics simulations supported by analytical arguments.

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Thermalization and Hydrodynamics in an Interacting Integrable System: The Case of Hard Rods

Singh,

Dhar,

Spohn

et al. 2024

J Stat Phys

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show abstract

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Blast Waves in the Zero Temperature Hard Sphere Gas: Double Scaling Structure

Cited by 1 publication

References 34 publications

Thermalization and Hydrodynamics in an Interacting Integrable System: The Case of Hard Rods

Thermalization and Hydrodynamics in an Interacting Integrable System: The Case of Hard Rods

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